Ubuntu安裝Nginx全過程(在線安裝&源碼編譯安裝)

更新時(shí)間：2025年03月05日 11:42:44 作者：fkjavaer

介紹了在Ubuntu 20.04上安裝Nginx的兩種方式：apt安裝和源碼編譯安裝,apt安裝簡單,但模塊有限；源碼編譯安裝可以自定義模塊,更靈活

1.安裝環(huán)境

ubuntu 20.04
nginx1.18.0

2.安裝方式

2.1 apt安裝

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx

1）查看版本

nginx -v
# 版本
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)

2）查看安裝版本及詳情

nginx -V

#版本及安裝詳情
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)
built with OpenSSL 1.1.1f  31 Mar 2020
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --with-cc-opt='-g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/nginx-lUTckl/nginx-1.18.0=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fPIC' --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --modules-path=/usr/lib/nginx/modules --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi --with-debug --with-compat --with-pcre-jit --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_slice_module --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module

可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用在線安裝方式，為我們指定了一些安裝參數(shù)，

例如：--prefix=/usr/share/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，并為我們安裝了一些module，

例如：--with-http_ssl_module，這就是我們服務(wù)器部署常用的https模塊。

2.2 源碼編譯安裝

1）刪除nginx

由于通過apt方式安裝了nginx，因此需要先將其卸載掉。加上--purge刪除已安裝的軟件包，并刪除配置文件。

sudo apt --purge remove nginx

2）刪除相關(guān)依賴

雖然在第一步刪除nginx時(shí)，會(huì)提示使用sudo apt autoremove

注意：使用該命令會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些無法預(yù)知的錯(cuò)誤，切記。

sudo apt --purge remove fontconfig-config fonts-dejavu-core libfontconfig1 libgd3 libjbig0 libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 libnginx-mod-http-image-filter libnginx-mod-http-xslt-filter libnginx-mod-mail libnginx-mod-stream libtiff5 libwebp6 libxpm4 nginx-common nginx-core

2.2.1 下載源碼

下載地址：nginx: download

2.2.2 安裝

1）解壓縮

tar zxvf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

2）安裝編譯相關(guān)模塊

sudo apt install gcc
sudo apt install make

3）設(shè)置配置

cd /home/stone/nginx-1.18.0
sudo ./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid

會(huì)提示報(bào)錯(cuò)需要pcre，zlib模塊

4）安裝相關(guān)依賴

sudo apt install libpcre3-dev
sudo apt install zlib1g-dev

5）編譯&安裝

sudo make
sudo make install

6）啟動(dòng)

cd /usr/local/nginx
sudo ./nginx

7）查看進(jìn)程

ps -ef|grep nginx

root       39949       1  0 12:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody     39950   39949  0 12:54 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process

8）查看默認(rèn)安裝模塊

我們先使用nginx -V查看，發(fā)現(xiàn)其只返回了我們配置的參數(shù)，并不像apt安裝方式時(shí)，會(huì)返回安裝了哪些模塊。

cd /usr/local/nginx
./nginx -V

# 輸出結(jié)果
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
built by gcc 9.4.0 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1) 
configure arguments: --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid

這時(shí)，我們需要去編譯的文件夾去找，可以看到編譯安裝的方式，安裝的模塊比apt安裝方式時(shí)還要多。

cd /home/stone/nginx-1.18.0/auto
cat options | grep "YES"

# 輸出結(jié)果
HTTP=YES
HTTP_CACHE=YES
HTTP_CHARSET=YES
HTTP_GZIP=YES
HTTP_SSI=YES
HTTP_ACCESS=YES
HTTP_AUTH_BASIC=YES
HTTP_MIRROR=YES
HTTP_USERID=YES
HTTP_AUTOINDEX=YES
HTTP_GEO=YES
HTTP_MAP=YES
HTTP_SPLIT_CLIENTS=YES
HTTP_REFERER=YES
HTTP_REWRITE=YES
HTTP_PROXY=YES
HTTP_FASTCGI=YES
HTTP_UWSGI=YES
HTTP_SCGI=YES
HTTP_GRPC=YES
HTTP_MEMCACHED=YES
HTTP_LIMIT_CONN=YES
HTTP_LIMIT_REQ=YES
HTTP_EMPTY_GIF=YES
HTTP_BROWSER=YES
HTTP_UPSTREAM_HASH=YES
HTTP_UPSTREAM_IP_HASH=YES
HTTP_UPSTREAM_LEAST_CONN=YES
HTTP_UPSTREAM_RANDOM=YES
HTTP_UPSTREAM_KEEPALIVE=YES
HTTP_UPSTREAM_ZONE=YES
MAIL_POP3=YES
MAIL_IMAP=YES
MAIL_SMTP=YES
STREAM_LIMIT_CONN=YES
STREAM_ACCESS=YES
STREAM_GEO=YES
STREAM_MAP=YES
STREAM_SPLIT_CLIENTS=YES
STREAM_RETURN=YES
STREAM_UPSTREAM_HASH=YES
STREAM_UPSTREAM_LEAST_CONN=YES
STREAM_UPSTREAM_RANDOM=YES
STREAM_UPSTREAM_ZONE=YES
        --with-select_module)            EVENT_SELECT=YES           ;;
        --with-poll_module)              EVENT_POLL=YES             ;;
        --with-threads)                  USE_THREADS=YES            ;;
        --with-file-aio)                 NGX_FILE_AIO=YES           ;;
        --with-http_ssl_module)          HTTP_SSL=YES               ;;
        --with-http_v2_module)           HTTP_V2=YES                ;;
        --with-http_realip_module)       HTTP_REALIP=YES            ;;
        --with-http_addition_module)     HTTP_ADDITION=YES          ;;
        --with-http_xslt_module)         HTTP_XSLT=YES              ;;
        --with-http_image_filter_module) HTTP_IMAGE_FILTER=YES      ;;
        --with-http_geoip_module)        HTTP_GEOIP=YES             ;;
        --with-http_sub_module)          HTTP_SUB=YES               ;;
        --with-http_dav_module)          HTTP_DAV=YES               ;;
        --with-http_flv_module)          HTTP_FLV=YES               ;;
        --with-http_mp4_module)          HTTP_MP4=YES               ;;
        --with-http_gunzip_module)       HTTP_GUNZIP=YES            ;;
        --with-http_gzip_static_module)  HTTP_GZIP_STATIC=YES       ;;
        --with-http_auth_request_module) HTTP_AUTH_REQUEST=YES      ;;
        --with-http_random_index_module) HTTP_RANDOM_INDEX=YES      ;;
        --with-http_secure_link_module)  HTTP_SECURE_LINK=YES       ;;
        --with-http_degradation_module)  HTTP_DEGRADATION=YES       ;;
        --with-http_slice_module)        HTTP_SLICE=YES             ;;
        --with-http_perl_module)         HTTP_PERL=YES              ;;
        --with-http_stub_status_module)  HTTP_STUB_STATUS=YES       ;;
        --with-mail)                     MAIL=YES                   ;;
        --with-mail_ssl_module)          MAIL_SSL=YES               ;;
            MAIL=YES
            MAIL_SSL=YES
        --with-stream)                   STREAM=YES                 ;;
        --with-stream_ssl_module)        STREAM_SSL=YES             ;;
        --with-stream_realip_module)     STREAM_REALIP=YES          ;;
        --with-stream_geoip_module)      STREAM_GEOIP=YES           ;;
                                         STREAM_SSL_PREREAD=YES     ;;
        --with-google_perftools_module)  NGX_GOOGLE_PERFTOOLS=YES   ;;
        --with-cpp_test_module)          NGX_CPP_TEST=YES           ;;
        --with-compat)                   NGX_COMPAT=YES             ;;
        --with-debug)                    NGX_DEBUG=YES              ;;
        --with-pcre)                     USE_PCRE=YES               ;;
        --with-pcre-jit)                 PCRE_JIT=YES               ;;
        --with-libatomic)                NGX_LIBATOMIC=YES          ;;
        --test-build-devpoll)            NGX_TEST_BUILD_DEVPOLL=YES ;;
        --test-build-eventport)          NGX_TEST_BUILD_EVENTPORT=YES ;;
        --test-build-epoll)              NGX_TEST_BUILD_EPOLL=YES   ;;
        --test-build-solaris-sendfilev)  NGX_TEST_BUILD_SOLARIS_SENDFILEV=YES ;;