empty_list = []
empty_dict = {}
empty_str = ""

def bad_example(x):
    if x == None:  # 錯(cuò)誤！應(yīng)使用is
        print("This is None")
 
x = None
bad_example(x)  # 輸出錯(cuò)誤結(jié)果

def check_empty(x):
    if not x:
        print("Empty")
    else:
        print("Not empty")
 
check_empty(0)        # 輸出Empty（可能不符合預(yù)期）
check_empty(False)    # 輸出Empty（可能不符合預(yù)期）

a = []
b = []
print(a == b)  # True（內(nèi)容相同）
print(a is b)  # False（不同對(duì)象）

def is_empty(obj):
    if obj is None:
        return True
    elif isinstance(obj, (list, dict, str)):
        return len(obj) == 0
    elif isinstance(obj, (int, float)):
        return obj == 0
    else:
        try:
            return not bool(obj)
        except:
            return False
 
# 測(cè)試用例
print(is_empty(None))     # True
print(is_empty([]))       # True
print(is_empty(0))        # True（根據(jù)需求可調(diào)整）
print(is_empty(False))    # True（根據(jù)需求可調(diào)整）
print(is_empty(""))       # True
print(is_empty([1]))      # False

class MyCollection:
    def __init__(self, items=None):
        self.items = items if items is not None else []
    
    def __bool__(self):
        return bool(self.items)  # 委托給內(nèi)部容器
    
    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.items)
 
# 使用示例
col = MyCollection()
print(bool(col))   # False
print(len(col))    # 0

from collections.abc import Container
 
def safe_is_empty(obj):
    if isinstance(obj, Container):
        return len(obj) == 0
    elif obj is None:
        return True
    else:
        try:
            return not bool(obj)
        except:
            return False
 
# 支持所有容器類型
print(safe_is_empty({}))      # True
print(safe_is_empty("test"))  # False

# 低效寫法
if len(data) == 0:
    process_empty()
 
# 高效寫法
if not data:
    process_empty()

def optimized_check(obj):
    if obj is None:
        return True
    if isinstance(obj, (list, dict, str)):
        return len(obj) == 0
    return not bool(obj)

def safe_process(data):
    if data is None:
        data = []  # 設(shè)置默認(rèn)值
    if not isinstance(data, list):
        raise TypeError("Expected list")
    # 后續(xù)處理...