使用.NET8實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)完整的串口通訊工具類

更新時(shí)間：2025年08月26日 09:02:51 作者：code_shenbing

串口通信在工業(yè)控制、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備、嵌入式系統(tǒng)和自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域仍然廣泛應(yīng)用,.NET 8 提供了強(qiáng)大的 System.IO.Ports命名空間,使得實(shí)現(xiàn)串口通信變得簡(jiǎn)單高效,本文將詳細(xì)介紹如何使用 .NET 8 實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)功能完整的串口通信工具類,需要的朋友可以參考下

引言

串口通信（Serial Communication）在工業(yè)控制、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備、嵌入式系統(tǒng)和自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域仍然廣泛應(yīng)用。.NET 8 提供了強(qiáng)大的 System.IO.Ports命名空間，使得實(shí)現(xiàn)串口通信變得簡(jiǎn)單高效。本文將詳細(xì)介紹如何使用 .NET 8 實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)功能完整的串口通信工具類，包含配置管理、數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)、事件處理和錯(cuò)誤處理等功能。

1. 串口通信工具類設(shè)計(jì)

首先，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)一個(gè) SerialPortTool類，封裝所有串口操作：

using System;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
 
public class SerialPortTool : IDisposable
{
    private SerialPort _serialPort;
    private CancellationTokenSource _cancellationTokenSource;
    private bool _isOpen = false;
    
    // 事件定義
    public event EventHandler<string> PortOpened;
    public event EventHandler<string> PortClosed;
    public event EventHandler<byte[]> DataReceived;
    public event EventHandler<string> MessageReceived;
    public event EventHandler<Exception> ErrorOccurred;
    
    // 配置屬性
    public string PortName { get; private set; }
    public int BaudRate { get; private set; }
    public Parity Parity { get; private set; }
    public int DataBits { get; private set; }
    public StopBits StopBits { get; private set; }
    public Handshake Handshake { get; private set; }
    public int ReadTimeout { get; private set; }
    public int WriteTimeout { get; private set; }
    
    public bool IsOpen => _isOpen && _serialPort?.IsOpen == true;
    
    public SerialPortTool(string portName, int baudRate = 9600, 
                         Parity parity = Parity.None, int dataBits = 8, 
                         StopBits stopBits = StopBits.One, 
                         Handshake handshake = Handshake.None,
                         int readTimeout = 1000, int writeTimeout = 1000)
    {
        PortName = portName;
        BaudRate = baudRate;
        Parity = parity;
        DataBits = dataBits;
        StopBits = stopBits;
        Handshake = handshake;
        ReadTimeout = readTimeout;
        WriteTimeout = writeTimeout;
        
        _cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
    }
    
    // 其余實(shí)現(xiàn)將在下面展開...
}

2. 實(shí)現(xiàn)串口打開和關(guān)閉

2.1 打開串口

public bool Open()
{
    if (IsOpen)
        return true;
 
    try
    {
        _serialPort = new SerialPort(PortName, BaudRate, Parity, DataBits, StopBits)
        {
            Handshake = Handshake,
            ReadTimeout = ReadTimeout,
            WriteTimeout = WriteTimeout
        };
        
        _serialPort.Open();
        _isOpen = true;
        
        // 啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)接收后臺(tái)任務(wù)
        _ = Task.Run(() => ReceiveDataAsync(_cancellationTokenSource.Token));
        
        PortOpened?.Invoke(this, $"串口 {PortName} 已打開");
        return true;
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        ErrorOccurred?.Invoke(this, ex);
        Close();
        return false;
    }
}

2.2 關(guān)閉串口

public void Close()
{
    try
    {
        _cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
        _serialPort?.Close();
        _serialPort?.Dispose();
        _serialPort = null;
        _isOpen = false;
        
        PortClosed?.Invoke(this, $"串口 {PortName} 已關(guān)閉");
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        ErrorOccurred?.Invoke(this, ex);
    }
}

3. 實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送和接收

3.1 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)

public bool Send(byte[] data)
{
    if (!IsOpen)
        return false;
 
    try
    {
        _serialPort.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
        return true;
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        ErrorOccurred?.Invoke(this, ex);
        Close();
        return false;
    }
}
 
public bool SendString(string message, Encoding encoding = null)
{
    encoding ??= Encoding.UTF8;
    byte[] data = encoding.GetBytes(message);
    return Send(data);
}
 
public async Task<bool> SendAsync(byte[] data)
{
    if (!IsOpen)
        return false;
 
    try
    {
        await _serialPort.BaseStream.WriteAsync(data, 0, data.Length);
        return true;
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        ErrorOccurred?.Invoke(this, ex);
        Close();
        return false;
    }
}
 
public async Task<bool> SendStringAsync(string message, Encoding encoding = null)
{
    encoding ??= Encoding.UTF8;
    byte[] data = encoding.GetBytes(message);
    return await SendAsync(data);
}

3.2 接收數(shù)據(jù)（后臺(tái)任務(wù)）

private async Task ReceiveDataAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
    
    while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested && IsOpen)
    {
        try
        {
            // 異步讀取數(shù)據(jù)
            int bytesRead = await _serialPort.BaseStream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, cancellationToken);
            
            if (bytesRead > 0)
            {
                // 復(fù)制接收到的數(shù)據(jù)
                byte[] receivedData = new byte[bytesRead];
                Array.Copy(buffer, receivedData, bytesRead);
                
                // 觸發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)接收事件
                DataReceived?.Invoke(this, receivedData);
                
                // 轉(zhuǎn)換為字符串并觸發(fā)消息接收事件
                string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(receivedData);
                MessageReceived?.Invoke(this, message);
            }
        }
        catch (OperationCanceledException)
        {
            // 任務(wù)被取消，正常退出
            break;
        }
        catch (TimeoutException)
        {
            // 讀取超時(shí)，繼續(xù)等待
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            if (IsOpen) // 只在串口打開時(shí)報(bào)告錯(cuò)誤
            {
                ErrorOccurred?.Invoke(this, ex);
            }
            break;
        }
    }
}

4. 完整工具類實(shí)現(xiàn)

下面是完整的 SerialPortTool類實(shí)現(xiàn)：

using System;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
 
public class SerialPortTool : IDisposable
{
    private SerialPort _serialPort;
    private CancellationTokenSource _cancellationTokenSource;
    private bool _isOpen = false;
    
    // 事件定義
    public event EventHandler<string> PortOpened;
    public event EventHandler<string> PortClosed;
    public event EventHandler<byte[]> DataReceived;
    public event EventHandler<string> MessageReceived;
    public event EventHandler<Exception> ErrorOccurred;
    
    // 配置屬性
    public string PortName { get; private set; }
    public int BaudRate { get; private set; }
    public Parity Parity { get; private set; }
    public int DataBits { get; private set; }
    public StopBits StopBits { get; private set; }
    public Handshake Handshake { get; private set; }
    public int ReadTimeout { get; private set; }
    public int WriteTimeout { get; private set; }
    
    public bool IsOpen => _isOpen && _serialPort?.IsOpen == true;
    
    public SerialPortTool(string portName, int baudRate = 9600, 
                         Parity parity = Parity.None, int dataBits = 8, 
                         StopBits stopBits = StopBits.One, 
                         Handshake handshake = Handshake.None,
                         int readTimeout = 1000, int writeTimeout = 1000)
    {
        PortName = portName;
        BaudRate = baudRate;
        Parity = parity;
        DataBits = dataBits;
        StopBits = stopBits;
        Handshake = handshake;
        ReadTimeout = readTimeout;
        WriteTimeout = writeTimeout;
        
        _cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
    }
    
    public bool Open()
    {
        if (IsOpen)
            return true;
 
        try
        {
            _serialPort = new SerialPort(PortName, BaudRate, Parity, DataBits, StopBits)
            {
                Handshake = Handshake,
                ReadTimeout = ReadTimeout,
                WriteTimeout = WriteTimeout
            };
            
            _serialPort.Open();
            _isOpen = true;
            
            // 啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)接收后臺(tái)任務(wù)
            _ = Task.Run(() => ReceiveDataAsync(_cancellationTokenSource.Token));
            
            PortOpened?.Invoke(this, $"串口 {PortName} 已打開");
            return true;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            ErrorOccurred?.Invoke(this, ex);
            Close();
            return false;
        }
    }
    
    public void Close()
    {
        try
        {
            _cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
            _serialPort?.Close();
            _serialPort?.Dispose();
            _serialPort = null;
            _isOpen = false;
            
            PortClosed?.Invoke(this, $"串口 {PortName} 已關(guān)閉");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            ErrorOccurred?.Invoke(this, ex);
        }
    }
    
    public bool Send(byte[] data)
    {
        if (!IsOpen)
            return false;
 
        try
        {
            _serialPort.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
            return true;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            ErrorOccurred?.Invoke(this, ex);
            Close();
            return false;
        }
    }
    
    public bool SendString(string message, Encoding encoding = null)
    {
        encoding ??= Encoding.UTF8;
        byte[] data = encoding.GetBytes(message);
        return Send(data);
    }
    
    public async Task<bool> SendAsync(byte[] data)
    {
        if (!IsOpen)
            return false;
 
        try
        {
            await _serialPort.BaseStream.WriteAsync(data, 0, data.Length);
            return true;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            ErrorOccurred?.Invoke(this, ex);
            Close();
            return false;
        }
    }
    
    public async Task<bool> SendStringAsync(string message, Encoding encoding = null)
    {
        encoding ??= Encoding.UTF8;
        byte[] data = encoding.GetBytes(message);
        return await SendAsync(data);
    }
    
    private async Task ReceiveDataAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
        
        while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested && IsOpen)
        {
            try
            {
                int bytesRead = await _serialPort.BaseStream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, cancellationToken);
                
                if (bytesRead > 0)
                {
                    byte[] receivedData = new byte[bytesRead];
                    Array.Copy(buffer, receivedData, bytesRead);
                    
                    DataReceived?.Invoke(this, receivedData);
                    
                    string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(receivedData);
                    MessageReceived?.Invoke(this, message);
                }
            }
            catch (OperationCanceledException)
            {
                break;
            }
            catch (TimeoutException)
            {
                // 超時(shí)是正常情況，繼續(xù)等待
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                if (IsOpen)
                {
                    ErrorOccurred?.Invoke(this, ex);
                }
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    
    #region IDisposable Implementation
    private bool _disposed = false;
 
    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (!_disposed)
        {
            if (disposing)
            {
                Close();
                _cancellationTokenSource?.Dispose();
            }
            _disposed = true;
        }
    }
 
    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(true);
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }
    #endregion
}

5. 使用示例

下面是如何使用串口通信工具類的示例：

class Program
{
    static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        // 獲取可用串口列表
        string[] ports = SerialPort.GetPortNames();
        Console.WriteLine("可用串口:");
        foreach (string port in ports)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(port);
        }
        
        if (ports.Length == 0)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("沒(méi)有找到可用串口");
            return;
        }
        
        // 使用第一個(gè)可用串口
        string selectedPort = ports[0];
        
        using var serialTool = new SerialPortTool(
            portName: selectedPort,
            baudRate: 115200,
            parity: Parity.None,
            dataBits: 8,
            stopBits: StopBits.One
        );
        
        // 訂閱事件
        serialTool.PortOpened += (sender, message) => Console.WriteLine(message);
        serialTool.PortClosed += (sender, message) => Console.WriteLine(message);
        
        serialTool.DataReceived += (sender, data) => 
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"收到字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù): {BitConverter.ToString(data)}");
        };
        
        serialTool.MessageReceived += (sender, message) => 
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"收到消息: {message}");
        };
        
        serialTool.ErrorOccurred += (sender, ex) => 
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤: {ex.Message}");
        };
        
        // 打開串口
        if (serialTool.Open())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("按 'S' 發(fā)送字符串，按 'B' 發(fā)送字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)，按 'Q' 退出");
            
            while (true)
            {
                var key = Console.ReadKey(intercept: true).Key;
                
                if (key == ConsoleKey.S)
                {
                    Console.Write("輸入要發(fā)送的字符串: ");
                    string message = Console.ReadLine();
                    serialTool.SendString(message);
                }
                else if (key == ConsoleKey.B)
                {
                    Console.Write("輸入要發(fā)送的十六進(jìn)制字節(jié) (例如: 01 02 AA FF): ");
                    string hexInput = Console.ReadLine();
                    
                    try
                    {
                        byte[] data = ParseHexString(hexInput);
                        serialTool.Send(data);
                        Console.WriteLine($"已發(fā)送: {BitConverter.ToString(data)}");
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine($"解析錯(cuò)誤: {ex.Message}");
                    }
                }
                else if (key == ConsoleKey.Q)
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
            
            // 關(guān)閉串口（using語(yǔ)句也會(huì)自動(dòng)調(diào)用Dispose）
            serialTool.Close();
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("串口打開失敗");
        }
    }
    
    private static byte[] ParseHexString(string hex)
    {
        hex = hex.Replace(" ", "").Replace("-", "");
        if (hex.Length % 2 != 0)
            throw new ArgumentException("十六進(jìn)制字符串長(zhǎng)度必須為偶數(shù)");
        
        byte[] bytes = new byte[hex.Length / 2];
        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
        {
            string byteValue = hex.Substring(i * 2, 2);
            bytes[i] = Convert.ToByte(byteValue, 16);
        }
        return bytes;
    }
}

6. 高級(jí)功能擴(kuò)展

6.1 添加幀處理功能

對(duì)于需要處理特定幀格式的應(yīng)用，可以添加幀處理功能：

public class FramedSerialPortTool : SerialPortTool
{
    private readonly byte[] _frameDelimiter;
    private List<byte> _buffer = new List<byte>();
    
    public FramedSerialPortTool(string portName, byte[] frameDelimiter, 
                               int baudRate = 9600, Parity parity = Parity.None, 
                               int dataBits = 8, StopBits stopBits = StopBits.One, 
                               Handshake handshake = Handshake.None,
                               int readTimeout = 1000, int writeTimeout = 1000)
        : base(portName, baudRate, parity, dataBits, stopBits, handshake, readTimeout, writeTimeout)
    {
        _frameDelimiter = frameDelimiter;
        this.DataReceived += OnRawDataReceived;
    }
    
    public new event EventHandler<byte[]> FrameReceived;
    
    private void OnRawDataReceived(object sender, byte[] data)
    {
        _buffer.AddRange(data);
        ProcessBuffer();
    }
    
    private void ProcessBuffer()
    {
        while (true)
        {
            // 查找?guī)指舴?
            int delimiterIndex = FindDelimiter(_buffer.ToArray(), _frameDelimiter);
            
            if (delimiterIndex == -1)
                break;
                
            // 提取完整幀
            byte[] frameData = new byte[delimiterIndex];
            Array.Copy(_buffer.ToArray(), frameData, delimiterIndex);
            
            // 從緩沖區(qū)中移除已處理的數(shù)據(jù)（包括分隔符）
            _buffer.RemoveRange(0, delimiterIndex + _frameDelimiter.Length);
            
            // 觸發(fā)幀接收事件
            FrameReceived?.Invoke(this, frameData);
        }
    }
    
    private int FindDelimiter(byte[] data, byte[] delimiter)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i <= data.Length - delimiter.Length; i++)
        {
            bool found = true;
            for (int j = 0; j < delimiter.Length; j++)
            {
                if (data[i + j] != delimiter[j])
                {
                    found = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (found)
                return i;
        }
        return -1;
    }
    
    public bool SendFrame(byte[] frameData)
    {
        byte[] framedData = new byte[frameData.Length + _frameDelimiter.Length];
        Array.Copy(frameData, framedData, frameData.Length);
        Array.Copy(_frameDelimiter, 0, framedData, frameData.Length, _frameDelimiter.Length);
        
        return Send(framedData);
    }
    
    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposing)
        {
            this.DataReceived -= OnRawDataReceived;
        }
        base.Dispose(disposing);
    }
}

6.2 添加自動(dòng)重連功能

對(duì)于需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間運(yùn)行的串口應(yīng)用，可以添加自動(dòng)重連功能：

public class AutoReconnectSerialPortTool : SerialPortTool
{
    private Timer _reconnectTimer;
    private readonly TimeSpan _reconnectInterval;
    private int _reconnectAttempts = 0;
    private const int MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS = 10;
    
    public AutoReconnectSerialPortTool(string portName, TimeSpan reconnectInterval,
                                      int baudRate = 9600, Parity parity = Parity.None, 
                                      int dataBits = 8, StopBits stopBits = StopBits.One, 
                                      Handshake handshake = Handshake.None,
                                      int readTimeout = 1000, int writeTimeout = 1000)
        : base(portName, baudRate, parity, dataBits, stopBits, handshake, readTimeout, writeTimeout)
    {
        _reconnectInterval = reconnectInterval;
        this.PortClosed += OnPortClosed;
    }
    
    private void OnPortClosed(object sender, string message)
    {
        if (_reconnectAttempts < MAX_RECONNECT_ATTEMPTS)
        {
            _reconnectTimer = new Timer(AttemptReconnect, null, _reconnectInterval, Timeout.InfiniteTimeSpan);
        }
    }
    
    private void AttemptReconnect(object state)
    {
        _reconnectAttempts++;
        
        if (Open())
        {
            _reconnectAttempts = 0; // 重置重試計(jì)數(shù)器
            _reconnectTimer?.Dispose();
            _reconnectTimer = null;
        }
    }
    
    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposing)
        {
            _reconnectTimer?.Dispose();
            this.PortClosed -= OnPortClosed;
        }
        base.Dispose(disposing);
    }
}

7. 串口通信最佳實(shí)踐

1.??資源管理??：

始終使用 using語(yǔ)句或手動(dòng)調(diào)用 Dispose()確保資源釋放
在不再需要時(shí)關(guān)閉串口連接

2.??錯(cuò)誤處理??：

處理所有可能的異常（端口不存在、權(quán)限問(wèn)題、設(shè)備斷開等）
使用事件機(jī)制通知上層應(yīng)用錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生

3.線程安全??：

串口事件可能在后臺(tái)線程觸發(fā)，確保UI操作在正確的線程執(zhí)行
使用同步機(jī)制保護(hù)共享資源

4.??性能優(yōu)化??：

使用異步方法避免阻塞UI線程
合理設(shè)置緩沖區(qū)大小平衡內(nèi)存使用和性能
避免在事件處理中執(zhí)行耗時(shí)操作

5.??配置管理??：

保存和加載串口配置（波特率、數(shù)據(jù)位等）
提供配置驗(yàn)證功能

8. 總結(jié)

本文介紹了如何使用 .NET 8 實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)功能完整的串口通信工具類，包含以下核心功能：

1.??串口管理??：打開、關(guān)閉和狀態(tài)監(jiān)控

2.??數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)??：支持同步和異步的字節(jié)數(shù)組和字符串傳輸

3.??事件通知??：提供串口狀態(tài)變化、數(shù)據(jù)接收和錯(cuò)誤通知

4.??資源管理??：正確實(shí)現(xiàn) IDisposable接口

5.??錯(cuò)誤處理??：健壯的異常處理和錯(cuò)誤通知機(jī)制

通過(guò)這種封裝，我們可以在不同的項(xiàng)目中輕松重用串口通信功能，而無(wú)需重復(fù)編寫底層代碼。此外，通過(guò)繼承和擴(kuò)展，可以輕松添加如幀處理、自動(dòng)重連等高級(jí)功能。

在工業(yè)自動(dòng)化、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備通信和嵌入式系統(tǒng)開發(fā)中，這種封裝方式能夠顯著提高開發(fā)效率和代碼質(zhì)量，是開發(fā)串口通信應(yīng)用的理想起點(diǎn)。

以上就是使用.NET8實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)完整的串口通訊工具類的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，更多關(guān)于.NET8串口通訊工具類的資料請(qǐng)關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章！

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使用.NET8實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)完整的串口通訊工具類

目錄

引言

1. 串口通信工具類設(shè)計(jì)

2. 實(shí)現(xiàn)串口打開和關(guān)閉

2.1 打開串口

2.2 關(guān)閉串口

3. 實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送和接收

3.1 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)

3.2 接收數(shù)據(jù)（后臺(tái)任務(wù)）

4. 完整工具類實(shí)現(xiàn)

5. 使用示例

6. 高級(jí)功能擴(kuò)展

6.1 添加幀處理功能

6.2 添加自動(dòng)重連功能

7. 串口通信最佳實(shí)踐

8. 總結(jié)

相關(guān)文章

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国产无遮挡裸体免费直播视频,久久精品国产蜜臀av,动漫在线视频一区二区,欧亚日韩一区二区三区,久艹在线 免费视频,国产精品美女网站免费,正在播放 97超级视频在线观看,斗破苍穹年番在线观看免费,51最新乱码中文字幕

使用.NET8實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)完整的串口通訊工具類

目錄

引言

1. 串口通信工具類設(shè)計(jì)

2. 實(shí)現(xiàn)串口打開和關(guān)閉

2.1 打開串口

2.2 關(guān)閉串口

3. 實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送和接收

3.1 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)

3.2 接收數(shù)據(jù)（后臺(tái)任務(wù)）

4. 完整工具類實(shí)現(xiàn)

5. 使用示例

6. 高級(jí)功能擴(kuò)展

6.1 添加幀處理功能

6.2 添加自動(dòng)重連功能

7. 串口通信最佳實(shí)踐

8. 總結(jié)

相關(guān)文章

最新評(píng)論

大家感興趣的內(nèi)容

最近更新的內(nèi)容

常用在線小工具

国产无遮挡裸体免费直播视频,久久精品国产蜜臀av,动漫在线视频一区二区,欧亚日韩一区二区三区,久艹在线免费视频,国产精品美女网站免费,正在播放 97超级视频在线观看,斗破苍穹年番在线观看免费,51最新乱码中文字幕