Mysql分區(qū)表的管理與維護(hù)
更新時(shí)間：2016年08月12日 11:05:36 投稿：mrr
改變一個(gè)表的分區(qū)方案只需使用alter table 加 partition_options 子句就可以了。這篇文章主要介紹了Mysql分區(qū)表的管理與維護(hù)，非常不錯(cuò)，感興趣的朋友一起學(xué)習(xí)吧,需要的朋友可以參考下
改變一個(gè)表的分區(qū)方案只需使用alter table 加 partition_options 子句就可以了。和創(chuàng)建分區(qū)表時(shí)的create table語句很像。
創(chuàng)建表
CREATE TABLE trb3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), purchased DATE) PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) ( PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990), PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995), PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000), PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005) );
創(chuàng)建插入數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)過程
delimiter $$
drop procedure if exists pr_trb3$$
create procedure pr_trb3(in begindate date,in enddate date,in tabname varchar(40))
begin
while begindate<enddate 1="" begindate="date_add(begindate,interval" delimiter="" do="" drop="" end="" execute="" from="" insert="" pre="" prepare="" s="concat_ws('" set="" stmt=""><p>調(diào)用存儲(chǔ)過程插入數(shù)據(jù)</p><pre class="brush:sql;">call pr_trb3('1985-01-01','2004-12-31','trb3');</pre>
<p>查看數(shù)據(jù)分布</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">select
partition_name part,
partition_expression expr,
partition_description descr,
table_rows
from information_schema.partitions where
table_schema = schema()
and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0 | YEAR(purchased) | 1990 | 1826 |
| p1 | YEAR(purchased) | 1995 | 1826 |
| p2 | YEAR(purchased) | 2000 | 1826 |
| p3 | YEAR(purchased) | 2005 | 1826 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<p>改變分區(qū)方案</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> ALTER TABLE trb3 PARTITION BY KEY(id) PARTITIONS 4;
Query OK, 7304 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 7304 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0</pre>
<p>查看數(shù)據(jù)</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">select
partition_name part,
partition_expression expr,
partition_description descr,
table_rows
from information_schema.partitions where
table_schema = schema()
and table_name='trb3';
+------+------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------+-------+------------+
| p0 | `id` | NULL | 7472 |
| p1 | `id` | NULL | 0 |
| p2 | `id` | NULL | 0 |
| p3 | `id` | NULL | 0 |
+------+------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select 1826*4;
+--------+
| 1826*4 |
+--------+
| 7304 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<p>count(*)行數(shù)一致，說明數(shù)據(jù)沒出問題，但是information_schema.partitions查出來的不對<del>，這就不知道為什么了</del></p>
<blockquote>
<p>For partitioned InnoDB tables, the row count given in the TABLE_ROWS column of the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS table is only an estimated value used in SQL optimization, and is not always exact.</p>
</blockquote>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> select count(*) from trb3;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 7304 |
+----------+
但是count(*)還是7304，什么鬼</pre>
<p>再次改變分區(qū)方案</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">ALTER TABLE trb3
PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005)
);
mysql> select
-> partition_name part,
-> partition_expression expr,
-> partition_description descr,
-> table_rows
-> from information_schema.partitions where
-> table_schema = schema()
-> and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0 | YEAR(purchased) | 1990 | 1826 |
| p1 | YEAR(purchased) | 1995 | 1826 |
| p2 | YEAR(purchased) | 2000 | 0 |
| p3 | YEAR(purchased) | 2005 | 0 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<p><del>丟數(shù)據(jù)了。。</del><br>
更正，實(shí)際沒丟，這個(gè)information_shcema.partitions表有延遲，過一會(huì)再查就好了</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> select
-> partition_name part,
-> partition_expression expr,
-> partition_description descr,
-> table_rows
-> from information_schema.partitions where
-> table_schema = schema()
-> and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0 | YEAR(purchased) | 1990 | 1826 |
| p1 | YEAR(purchased) | 1995 | 1826 |
| p2 | YEAR(purchased) | 2000 | 1826 |
| p3 | YEAR(purchased) | 2005 | 1826 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<p>官方文檔說：<br>
This has the same effect on the structure of the table as dropping the table and re-creating it using CREATE TABLE trb3 PARTITION BY KEY(id) PARTITIONS 2;<br>
就是說ALTER TABLE trb3 PARTITION BY與 drop table然后重新create table trb3 partition by key(id) partitions 2一樣呢。</p>
<h3 id="改存儲(chǔ)引擎和普通表沒啥區(qū)別">改存儲(chǔ)引擎，和普通表沒啥區(qū)別</h3>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> drop table trb3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE trb3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), purchased DATE)
-> PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) (
-> PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),
-> PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),
-> PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000),
-> PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> call pr_trb3('1985-01-01','2004-12-31','trb3');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.69 sec)
mysql> select
-> partition_name part,
-> partition_expression expr,
-> partition_description descr,
-> table_rows
-> from information_schema.partitions where
-> table_schema = schema()
-> and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0 | YEAR(purchased) | 1990 | 1826 |
| p1 | YEAR(purchased) | 1995 | 1826 |
| p2 | YEAR(purchased) | 2000 | 1826 |
| p3 | YEAR(purchased) | 2005 | 1826 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> alter table trb3 engine=myisam;
Query OK, 7304 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 7304 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select
-> partition_name part,
-> partition_expression expr,
-> partition_description descr,
-> table_rows
-> from information_schema.partitions where
-> table_schema = schema()
-> and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0 | YEAR(purchased) | 1990 | 1826 |
| p1 | YEAR(purchased) | 1995 | 1826 |
| p2 | YEAR(purchased) | 2000 | 1826 |
| p3 | YEAR(purchased) | 2005 | 1826 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show create table trb3\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: trb3
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `trb3` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`purchased` date DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE ( YEAR(purchased))
(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990) ENGINE = MyISAM,
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995) ENGINE = MyISAM,
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000) ENGINE = MyISAM,
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005) ENGINE = MyISAM) */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<h3 id="將表由分區(qū)表改為非分區(qū)表">將表由分區(qū)表改為非分區(qū)表</h3>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> alter table trb3 remove partitioning;
Query OK, 7304 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 7304 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select
-> partition_name part,
-> partition_expression expr,
-> partition_description descr,
-> table_rows
-> from information_schema.partitions where
-> table_schema = schema()
-> and table_name='trb3';
+------+------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------+-------+------------+
| NULL | NULL | NULL | 7304 |
+------+------+-------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table trb3\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: trb3
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `trb3` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`purchased` date DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<h3 id="range-list分區(qū)管理">Range List分區(qū)管理</h3>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> drop table trb3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE trb3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), purchased DATE)
-> PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) ) (
-> PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),
-> PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1995),
-> PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (2000),
-> PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> call pr_trb3('1985-01-01','2004-12-31','trb3');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.75 sec)
mysql> select
-> partition_name part,
-> partition_expression expr,
-> partition_description descr,
-> table_rows
-> from information_schema.partitions where
-> table_schema = schema()
-> and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0 | YEAR(purchased) | 1990 | 1826 |
| p1 | YEAR(purchased) | 1995 | 1826 |
| p2 | YEAR(purchased) | 2000 | 1826 |
| p3 | YEAR(purchased) | 2005 | 1826 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<h4 id="增加分區(qū)">增加分區(qū)</h4>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> alter table trb3 add partition (partition p5 values less than(2010));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0</pre>
<h4 id="合并分區(qū)">合并分區(qū)</h4>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> alter table trb3 reorganize partition p3,p5 into(partition p5 values less than(2010));
Query OK, 1826 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 1826 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select
-> partition_name part,
-> partition_expression expr,
-> partition_description descr,
-> table_rows
-> from information_schema.partitions where
-> table_schema = schema()
-> and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0 | YEAR(purchased) | 1990 | 1826 |
| p1 | YEAR(purchased) | 1995 | 1826 |
| p2 | YEAR(purchased) | 2000 | 1826 |
| p5 | YEAR(purchased) | 2010 | 1826 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<h4 id="分裂分區(qū)">分裂分區(qū)</h4>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> ALTER TABLE trb3 REORGANIZE PARTITION p5 INTO (
-> PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (2005),
-> PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (2010)
-> );
Query OK, 1826 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 1826 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
select
partition_name part,
partition_expression expr,
partition_description descr,
table_rows
from information_schema.partitions where
table_schema = schema()
and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0 | YEAR(purchased) | 1990 | 1826 |
| p1 | YEAR(purchased) | 1995 | 1826 |
| p2 | YEAR(purchased) | 2000 | 1826 |
| p3 | YEAR(purchased) | 2005 | 1826 |
| p4 | YEAR(purchased) | 2010 | 0 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<h3 id="hash-key分區(qū)">HASH KEY分區(qū)</h3>
<pre class="brush:sql;">CREATE TABLE trb3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50), purchased DATE)
PARTITION BY hash( YEAR(purchased) )
partitions 12;
mysql>call pr_trb3('1985-01-01','2004-12-31','trb3');
select
partition_name part,
partition_expression expr,
partition_description descr,
table_rows
from information_schema.partitions where
table_schema = schema()
and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 731 |
| p1 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 365 |
| p2 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 365 |
| p3 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 365 |
| p4 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 366 |
| p5 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 730 |
| p6 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 730 |
| p7 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 730 |
| p8 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 732 |
| p9 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 730 |
| p10 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 730 |
| p11 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 730 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<h4 id="縮建分區(qū)從12個(gè)到8個(gè)">縮建分區(qū)從12個(gè)到8個(gè)</h4>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> ALTER TABLE trb3 COALESCE PARTITION 4;
Query OK, 7304 rows affected (0.13 sec)
Records: 7304 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
select
partition_name part,
partition_expression expr,
partition_description descr,
table_rows
from information_schema.partitions where
table_schema = schema()
and table_name='trb3';
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
| p0 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 732 |
| p1 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 1095 |
| p2 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 1095 |
| p3 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 1095 |
| p4 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 1097 |
| p5 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 730 |
| p6 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 730 |
| p7 | YEAR(purchased) | NULL | 730 |
+------+------------------+-------+------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select count(*) from trb3;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 7304 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<p>沒丟數(shù)據(jù)</p>
<p>收縮前2004年在P0</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> select mod(2004,12);
+--------------+
| mod(2004,12) |
+--------------+
| 0 |
+--------------+</pre>
<p>收縮后2004年在P4</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> select mod(2004,8);
+-------------+
| mod(2004,8) |
+-------------+
| 4 |
+-------------+</pre>
<h3 id="exchanging-partitions-and-subpartitions-with-tables">Exchanging Partitions and Subpartitions with Tables</h3>
<h3 id="分區(qū)子分區(qū)交換">分區(qū)(子分區(qū))交換</h3>
<pre class="brush:sql;"> ALTER TABLE pt EXCHANGE PARTITION p WITH TABLE nt</pre>
<p>pt是一個(gè)分區(qū)表，p是pt的分區(qū)或子分區(qū)，而nt是一個(gè)非分區(qū)表</p>
<h4 id="限制條件">限制條件:</h4>
<p>1.表nt不是分區(qū)表<br>
2.表nt不是臨時(shí)表<br>
3.表pt和nt結(jié)構(gòu)在其他方面是相同的<br>
4.表n沒有外鍵約束，也沒有其他表引用它的列為外鍵<br>
5.表nt的所有行都包含在表p的分區(qū)范圍內(nèi)(比如p range分區(qū)最大values less than 10，那么表nt不能有大于等于10的值)</p>
<h4 id="權(quán)限">權(quán)限:</h4>
<p>除了 ALTER, INSERT, and CREATE 權(quán)限外，你還要有DROP權(quán)限才能執(zhí)行ALTER TABLE … EXCHANGE PARTITION.</p>
<h4 id="其他注意事項(xiàng)">其他注意事項(xiàng):</h4>
<p>1.執(zhí)行ALTER TABLE … EXCHANGE PARTITION 不會(huì)調(diào)用任何在nt表和p表上的觸發(fā)器<br>
2.在交換表中的任何AUTO_INCREMENT列會(huì)被reset<br>
3.IGNORE關(guān)鍵字在執(zhí)行ALTER TABLE … EXCHANGE PARTITION時(shí)會(huì)失效</p>
<h4 id="完整實(shí)例語句如下">完整實(shí)例語句如下:</h4>
<pre class="brush:sql;">ALTER TABLE pt
EXCHANGE PARTITION p
WITH TABLE nt;</pre>
<p>在一次ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION 中，只能有一個(gè)分區(qū)和一個(gè)非分區(qū)表被交換<br>
想交換多個(gè)，就執(zhí)行多次ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION<br>
任何MySQL支持的分區(qū)類型都可以進(jìn)行交換</p>
<h4 id="交換實(shí)例">交換實(shí)例</h4>
<pre class="brush:sql;">CREATE TABLE e (
id INT NOT NULL,
fname VARCHAR(30),
lname VARCHAR(30)
)
PARTITION BY RANGE (id) (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (50),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (100),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (150),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
);
INSERT INTO e VALUES
(1669, "Jim", "Smith"),
(337, "Mary", "Jones"),
(16, "Frank", "White"),
(2005, "Linda", "Black");</pre>
<p>創(chuàng)建一個(gè)與e結(jié)構(gòu)一樣的非分區(qū)表e2</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> create table e2 like e;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show create table e2\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: e2
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `e2` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`fname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`lname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (id)
(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (50) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (100) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (150) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE ENGINE = InnoDB) */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> alter table e2 remove partitioning;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show create table e2\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: e2
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `e2` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`fname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`lname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
1 row in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<p>查看數(shù)據(jù)在e表中的分布:</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">select
partition_name part,
partition_expression expr,
partition_description descr,
table_rows
from information_schema.partitions where
table_schema = schema()
and table_name='e'
+------+------+----------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------+----------+------------+
| p0 | id | 50 | 1 |
| p1 | id | 100 | 0 |
| p2 | id | 150 | 0 |
| p3 | id | MAXVALUE | 3 |
+------+------+----------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<p>將分區(qū)p0與e2表進(jìn)行交換:</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> ALTER TABLE e EXCHANGE PARTITION p0 WITH TABLE e2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
select
partition_name part,
partition_expression expr,
partition_description descr,
table_rows
from information_schema.partitions where
table_schema = schema()
and table_name='e';
+------+------+----------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------+----------+------------+
| p0 | id | 50 | 0 |
| p1 | id | 100 | 0 |
| p2 | id | 150 | 0 |
| p3 | id | MAXVALUE | 3 |
+------+------+----------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from e2;
+----+-------+-------+
| id | fname | lname |
+----+-------+-------+
| 16 | Frank | White |
+----+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) </pre>
<p>重做實(shí)驗(yàn)，這次在交換前在表e2中插入一些數(shù)據(jù)</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> insert into e2 values(16,'FAN','BOSHI');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into e2 values(51,'DU','YALAN');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from e2;
+----+-------+-------+
| id | fname | lname |
+----+-------+-------+
| 16 | FAN | BOSHI |
| 51 | DU | YALAN |
+----+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER TABLE e EXCHANGE PARTITION p0 WITH TABLE e2;
ERROR 1737 (HY000): Found a row that does not match the partition</pre>
<p>報(bào)錯(cuò)了，因?yàn)?1超出了p0的范圍。<br>
如之前所說，此時(shí)使用IGNORE也無濟(jì)于事</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> ALTER IGNORE TABLE e EXCHANGE PARTITION p0 WITH TABLE e2;
ERROR 1737 (HY000): Found a row that does not match the partition</pre>
<p>修改id為49，這樣就屬于p0的范圍了</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> update e2 set id=49 where id=51;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> ALTER TABLE e EXCHANGE PARTITION p0 WITH TABLE e2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select
-> partition_name part,
-> partition_expression expr,
-> partition_description descr,
-> table_rows
-> from information_schema.partitions where
-> table_schema = schema()
-> and table_name='e';
+------+------+----------+------------+
| part | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+------+----------+------------+
| p0 | id | 50 | 2 |
| p1 | id | 100 | 0 |
| p2 | id | 150 | 0 |
| p3 | id | MAXVALUE | 3 |
+------+------+----------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
e2的數(shù)據(jù)被交換到了p0中
mysql> select * from e partition(p0);
+----+-------+-------+
| id | fname | lname |
+----+-------+-------+
| 16 | FAN | BOSHI |
| 49 | DU | YALAN |
+----+-------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
e的p0分區(qū)中的數(shù)據(jù)被交換到了e2中
mysql> select * from e2;
+----+-------+-------+
| id | fname | lname |
+----+-------+-------+
| 16 | Frank | White |
+----+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)</pre>
<h4 id="交換subpartition">交換subpartition</h4>
<pre class="brush:sql;">CREATE TABLE es (
id INT NOT NULL,
fname VARCHAR(30),
lname VARCHAR(30)
)
PARTITION BY RANGE (id)
SUBPARTITION BY KEY (lname)
SUBPARTITIONS 2 (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (50),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (100),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (150),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
);
INSERT INTO es VALUES
(1669, "Jim", "Smith"),
(337, "Mary", "Jones"),
(16, "Frank", "White"),
(2005, "Linda", "Black");
CREATE TABLE es2 LIKE es;
ALTER TABLE es2 REMOVE PARTITIONING;</pre>
<p>盡管我們沒有顯示的指定每個(gè)子分區(qū)的名字，我們?nèi)钥梢酝ㄟ^information_schema.partitions表獲取到子分區(qū)的名字</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">select
partition_name part,
subpartition_name,
partition_expression expr,
partition_description descr,
table_rows
from information_schema.partitions where
table_schema = schema()
and table_name='es';
+------+-------------------+------+----------+------------+
| part | subpartition_name | expr | descr | table_rows |
+------+-------------------+------+----------+------------+
| p0 | p0sp0 | id | 50 | 1 |
| p0 | p0sp1 | id | 50 | 0 |
| p1 | p1sp0 | id | 100 | 0 |
| p1 | p1sp1 | id | 100 | 0 |
| p2 | p2sp0 | id | 150 | 0 |
| p2 | p2sp1 | id | 150 | 0 |
| p3 | p3sp0 | id | MAXVALUE | 3 |
| p3 | p3sp1 | id | MAXVALUE | 0 |
+------+-------------------+------+----------+------------+</pre>
<p>接下來，開始將p3sp0和es進(jìn)行交換</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> select * from es partition(p3sp0);
+------+-------+-------+
| id | fname | lname |
+------+-------+-------+
| 1669 | Jim | Smith |
| 337 | Mary | Jones |
| 2005 | Linda | Black |
+------+-------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER TABLE es EXCHANGE PARTITION p3sp0 WITH TABLE es2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from es partition(p3sp0);
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from es2;
+------+-------+-------+
| id | fname | lname |
+------+-------+-------+
| 1669 | Jim | Smith |
| 337 | Mary | Jones |
| 2005 | Linda | Black |
+------+-------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)</pre>
<p>如果一個(gè)分區(qū)表有子分區(qū)，那么你只能以子分區(qū)為粒度進(jìn)行交換，而不能直接交換子分區(qū)的父分區(qū)</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> ALTER TABLE es EXCHANGE PARTITION p3 WITH TABLE es2;
ERROR 1704 (HY000): Subpartitioned table, use subpartition instead of partition</pre>
<p>EXCHANGE PARTITION有著嚴(yán)格的要求<br>
兩個(gè)將要交換的表的 列名，列的創(chuàng)建順序，列的數(shù)量，以及索引都要嚴(yán)格一致。當(dāng)然存儲(chǔ)引擎也要一致</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> desc es2;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| fname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
| lname | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create index id_name on es2(id,fname);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> ALTER TABLE es EXCHANGE PARTITION p3sp0 WITH TABLE es2;
ERROR 1736 (HY000): Tables have different definitions</pre>
<p>改變es2的存儲(chǔ)引擎</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">mysql> drop index id_name on es2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> alter table es2 engine=myisam;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> ALTER TABLE es EXCHANGE PARTITION p3sp0 WITH TABLE es2;
ERROR 1497 (HY000): The mix of handlers in the partitions is not allowed in this version of MySQL</pre>
<h3 id="分區(qū)表的維護(hù)">分區(qū)表的維護(hù)</h3>
<p>CHECK TABLE, OPTIMIZE TABLE, ANALYZE TABLE, and REPAIR TABLE可以被用于維護(hù)分區(qū)表</p>
<p>Rebuilding partitions.相當(dāng)于將分區(qū)中的數(shù)據(jù)drop掉再插入回來,對于避免磁盤碎片很有效<br>
Example:</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">ALTER TABLE t1 REBUILD PARTITION p0, p1;</pre>
<p>Optimizing partitions.如果你的表增加刪除了大量數(shù)據(jù)，或者進(jìn)行了大量的邊長列的更新操作( VARCHAR, BLOB, or TEXT columns)。那么optimize partition將回收未使用的空間，并整理分區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)文件。<br>
Example:</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">ALTER TABLE t1 OPTIMIZE PARTITION p0, p1;</pre>
<p>運(yùn)行OPTIMIZE PARTITION 相當(dāng)于做了 CHECK PARTITION, ANALYZE PARTITION, and REPAIR PARTITION</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Some MySQL storage engines, including InnoDB, do not support per-partition optimization; in these cases, ALTER TABLE … OPTIMIZE PARTITION rebuilds the entire table. In MySQL 5.6.9 and later, running this statement on such a table causes the entire table to rebuilt and analyzed, and an appropriate warning to be issued. (Bug #11751825, Bug #42822) Use ALTER TABLE … REBUILD PARTITION and ALTER TABLE … ANALYZE PARTITION instead, to avoid this issue.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Analyzing partitions.讀取并保存分區(qū)的鍵分布<br>
Example:</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">ALTER TABLE t1 ANALYZE PARTITION p3;</pre>
<p>Repairing partitions.修補(bǔ)被破壞的分區(qū)<br>
Example:</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">ALTER TABLE t1 REPAIR PARTITION p0,p1;</pre>
<p>Checking partitions.可以使用幾乎與對非分區(qū)表使用CHECK TABLE 相同的方式檢查分區(qū)。<br>
Example:</p>
<pre class="brush:sql;">ALTER TABLE trb3 CHECK PARTITION p1;</pre>
<p>這個(gè)命令可以告訴你表trb3的分區(qū)p1中的數(shù)據(jù)或索引是否已經(jīng)被破壞。如果發(fā)生了這種情況，使用“ALTER TABLE … REPAIR PARTITION”來修補(bǔ)該分區(qū)。</p>
<h4 id="以上每個(gè)命令都支持將分區(qū)換成all">以上每個(gè)命令都支持將分區(qū)換成ALL</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>The use of mysqlcheck and myisamchk is not supported with partitioned tables.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>mysqlcheck和myisamchk不支持分區(qū)表</p>
<p>你可以使用 ALTER TABLE … TRUNCATE PARTITION. 來刪除一個(gè)或多個(gè)分區(qū)中的數(shù)據(jù)<br>
如:ALTER TABLE … TRUNCATE PARTITION ALL刪除所有數(shù)據(jù)</p>
<p>ANALYZE, CHECK, OPTIMIZE, REBUILD, REPAIR, and TRUNCATE 操作不支持 subpartitions.</p>
</enddate>
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Mysql分區(qū)表的管理與維護(hù)，希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會(huì)及時(shí)回復(fù)大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對腳本之家網(wǎng)站的支持！
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