android notification 的總結(jié)分析

更新時(shí)間：2013年05月08日 11:17:39 作者：

notification是一種出現(xiàn)在任務(wù)欄的提示，特別是在4.0以后notification改進(jìn)了不少，本文內(nèi)容都是基于4.0及4.1以后總結(jié)來的

分類

notification有以下幾種:

　　1>普通notification

　　　　1.內(nèi)容標(biāo)題

　　　　2.大圖標(biāo)

　　　　3.內(nèi)容

　　　　4.內(nèi)容附加信息

　　　　5.小圖標(biāo)

　　　　6.時(shí)間

　　2>大布局Notification

　　　　圖1

　　大布局notification是在android4.1以后才增加的，大布局notification與小布局notification只在‘7'部分有區(qū)別，其它部分都一致。大布局notification只有在所有notification的最上　　面時(shí)才會顯示大布局，其它情況下顯示小布局。你也可以用手指將其擴(kuò)展為大布局(前提是它是大布局)。如下圖：

　　圖2

　　　　大布局notification有三種類型：如圖1為NotificationCompat.InboxStyle 類型。圖2左部為NotificationCompat.BigTextStyle。圖2右部為：NotificationCompat.BigPictureStyle

　　3>自定義布局notification

　　　　除了系統(tǒng)提供的notification，我們也可以自定義notification。如下圖所示的一個(gè)音樂播放器控制notification:

　　　　圖3

如何創(chuàng)建notification

　　　　1>實(shí)例化一個(gè)NotificationCompat.Builder對象;如builder

　　　　 2>調(diào)用builder的相關(guān)方法對notification進(jìn)行上面提到的各種設(shè)置

　　　　3>調(diào)用builder.build()方法此方法返回一個(gè)notification對象。

　　　　 4>實(shí)例化一個(gè)NotificationManager對象；如：manager

　　　　 5>調(diào)用manager的notify方法。

　　注：

　　一個(gè)notification不必對上面所有的選項(xiàng)都進(jìn)行設(shè)置，但有3項(xiàng)是必須的：

　　小圖標(biāo), set by setSmallIcon()

　內(nèi)容標(biāo)題, set by setContentTitle()

　內(nèi)容, set by setContentText()

示例代碼

示例程序截圖：

0>初始化部分代碼

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

View Code 
 public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

     private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_1 = 0;
     private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_2 = 1;
     private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_3 = 2;
     private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_4 = 3;
     private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_5 = 4;
     private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_6 = 5;
     private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_7 = 6;
     private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_8 = 7;

     private static int messageNum = 0;
     private Context context = this;
     private NotificationManager manager;
     private Bitmap icon;
     private static final int[] btns = new int[] { R.id.btn1, R.id.btn2,
             R.id.btn3, R.id.btn4, R.id.btn5, R.id.btn6, R.id.btn7, R.id.btn8,
             R.id.btn9 };

     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
         init();
     }

     private void init() {
         // 獲取通知服務(wù)
         manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
         // 注冊監(jiān)聽器
         for (int btn : btns) {
             findViewById(btn).setOnClickListener(this);
         }

         icon = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(),
                 R.drawable.ic_launcher);
     }

     @Override
     public void onClick(View v) {
         switch (v.getId()) {
         case R.id.btn1:
             showNormal();
             break;
         case R.id.btn2:
             showBigView_Text();
             break;
         case R.id.btn3:
             showBigView_Pic();
             break;
         case R.id.btn4:
             showBigView_Inbox();
             break;
         case R.id.btn5:
             showCustomView();
             break;
         case R.id.btn6:
             backApp();
             break;
         case R.id.btn7:
             backScreen();
             break;
         case R.id.btn8:
             showProgressBar();
             break;
         case R.id.btn9:
             dismiss();
             break;
         default:
             Toast.makeText(context, "error", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
             break;
         }
     }

     private void dismiss() {
         manager.cancelAll();
     }

1>普通notification

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

View Code 
     private void showNormal() {

         Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context)
                 .setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
                 .setTicker("showNormal").setContentInfo("contentInfo")
                 .setContentTitle("ContentTitle").setContentText("ContentText")
                 .setNumber(++messageNum)
                 .setAutoCancel(true).setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL)
                 .build();
         manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_1, notification);
     }

2>大布局Text類型notification

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

View Code 
 private void showBigView_Text() {
         NotificationCompat.BigTextStyle textStyle = new BigTextStyle();
         textStyle
                 .setBigContentTitle("BigContentTitle")
                 .setSummaryText("SummaryText")
                 .bigText(
                         "I am Big Texttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!......");
         Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context)
                 .setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
                 .setTicker("showBigView_Text").setContentInfo("contentInfo")
                 .setContentTitle("ContentTitle").setContentText("ContentText")
                 .setStyle(textStyle)
                 .setAutoCancel(true).setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL)
                 .build();
         manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_2, notification);
     }

3> 大布局Picture類型notificatio

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

View Code 
 private void showBigView_Pic() {
         NotificationCompat.BigPictureStyle pictureStyle = new BigPictureStyle();
         pictureStyle.setBigContentTitle("BigContentTitle")
                 .setSummaryText("SummaryText").bigPicture(icon);
         Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context)
                 .setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
                 .setTicker("showBigView_Pic").setContentInfo("contentInfo")
                 .setContentTitle("ContentTitle").setContentText("ContentText")
                 .setStyle(pictureStyle)
                 .setAutoCancel(true).setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL)
                 .build();
         manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_3, notification);
     }

4>大布局Inbox類型notification

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

View Code 
 private void showBigView_Inbox() {
         NotificationCompat.InboxStyle inboxStyle = new NotificationCompat.InboxStyle();
         inboxStyle.setBigContentTitle("BigContentTitle").setSummaryText(
                 "SummaryText");
         for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
             inboxStyle.addLine("news:" + i);
         Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context)
                 .setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
                 .setTicker("showBigView_Inbox").setContentInfo("contentInfo")
                 .setContentTitle("ContentTitle").setContentText("ContentText")
                 .setStyle(inboxStyle)
                 .setAutoCancel(true).setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL)
                 .build();
         manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_4, notification);
     }

5>自定義notification
效果圖：

并對中間的播放按鈕做了一個(gè)簡單的點(diǎn)擊處理事件(點(diǎn)擊播放后，請關(guān)閉幕簾否則可能會看不到toast提示)

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

View Code 
 private void showCustomView() {
         RemoteViews remoteViews = new RemoteViews(getPackageName(),
                 R.layout.custom_notification);
         Intent intent = new Intent(this, TestMusicControl.class);
         PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0,
                 intent, 0);
         remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.paly_pause_music,
                 pendingIntent);
         NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new Builder(context);
         builder.setContent(remoteViews).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.music_icon)
                 .setLargeIcon(icon).setOngoing(true)
                 .setTicker("music is playing");
         manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_8, builder.build());
     }

布局文件：

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

View Code 
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="match_parent"
     android:gravity="center_vertical"
     android:orientation="horizontal" >

     <ImageView
         android:id="@+id/songer_pic"
         android:layout_width="64dp"
         android:layout_height="64dp"
         android:src="@drawable/yan" />

     <LinearLayout
         android:layout_width="fill_parent"
         android:layout_height="fill_parent"
         android:gravity="center_vertical"
         android:orientation="horizontal" >

         <ImageView
             android:id="@+id/last_music"
             android:layout_width="0dp"
             android:layout_height="48dp"
             android:layout_weight="1"
             android:src="@drawable/music_previous" />

         <ImageView
             android:id="@+id/paly_pause_music"
             android:layout_width="0dp"
             android:layout_height="48dp"
             android:layout_weight="1"
             android:src="@drawable/music_play" />

         <ImageView
             android:id="@+id/next_music"
             android:layout_width="0dp"
             android:layout_height="48dp"
             android:layout_weight="1"
             android:src="@drawable/music_next" />
     </LinearLayout>

 </LinearLayout>

帶進(jìn)度條的notification

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

View Code 
     private void showProgressBar() {

         final NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(
                 context);
         builder.setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
                 .setTicker("showProgressBar").setContentInfo("contentInfo")
                 .setOngoing(true).setContentTitle("ContentTitle")
                 .setContentText("ContentText");
         new Thread(new Runnable() {

             @Override
             public void run() {

                 int progress = 0;

                 for (progress = 0; progress < 100; progress += 5) {
                     //將setProgress的第三個(gè)參數(shù)設(shè)為true即可顯示為無明確進(jìn)度的進(jìn)度條樣式
                     builder.setProgress(100, progress, false);
                     manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_7, builder.build());
                     try {
                         // Sleep for 5 seconds
                         Thread.sleep(2 * 1000);
                     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                         System.out.println("sleep failure");
                     }
                 }
                 builder.setContentTitle("Download complete")
                         .setProgress(0, 0, false).setOngoing(false);
                 manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_7, builder.build());

             }
         }).start();
     }

點(diǎn)擊事件處理

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
　　有時(shí)候我們可能需要實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的功能：當(dāng)新notification出現(xiàn)時(shí)，我們希望點(diǎn)擊它后可直接進(jìn)入應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的界面中去完整查看或處理此消息的功能。然后，當(dāng)我們點(diǎn)擊back按鈕時(shí)返回到應(yīng)用主界面而不是桌面。比如：當(dāng)我們有新的短信來時(shí)，我們在任務(wù)欄中點(diǎn)擊它后進(jìn)入讀信息頁面，當(dāng)我們讀完短信后，按“返回”鍵回到短信的主界面，而不是手機(jī)桌面。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的功能要我們做相應(yīng)的處理：

1>返回應(yīng)用主界面

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

View Code 
     private void backApp() {

         TaskStackBuilder stackBuilder = TaskStackBuilder.create(this);
         // Adds the back stack
         stackBuilder.addParentStack(OtherActivity.class);
         // Adds the Intent to the top of the stack
         Intent resultIntent = new Intent(this, OtherActivity.class);
         stackBuilder.addNextIntent(resultIntent);
         // Gets a PendingIntent containing the entire back stack
         PendingIntent resultPendingIntent = stackBuilder.getPendingIntent(0,
                 PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);

         Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context)
                 .setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
                 .setTicker("backApp").setContentInfo("contentInfo")
                 .setContentTitle("ContentTitle").setContentText("ContentText")
                 .setContentIntent(resultPendingIntent).setAutoCancel(true)
                 .setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL).build();
         manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_5, notification);
         this.finish();
     }

并需要我們在配置文件中對我們用來顯示詳細(xì)信息的OtherActivity進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的配置如下：

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

<activity
             android:name="com.example.notification.OtherActivity"
             android:label="@string/title_activity_other"
             android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity" >
             <meta-data
                 android:name="android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
                 android:value=".MainActivity" />
         </activity>

2>直接返回桌面

　　有些時(shí)候我們可能需要實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的功能：當(dāng)我們點(diǎn)擊notification時(shí)彈出一個(gè)稍大點(diǎn)的窗口來顯示整個(gè)消息，這窗口的作用就是用來顯示整個(gè)消息內(nèi)容的，和此應(yīng)用內(nèi)的其它Activity都沒有關(guān)系，然后當(dāng)我們點(diǎn)擊"back"后直接返回到手機(jī)桌面。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的功能我們只需要調(diào)用builder的.setContentIntent方法，然后對所要跳轉(zhuǎn)到的activity在配置文件中進(jìn)行一些配置：

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

View Code 
 private void backScreen() {
         Intent notifyIntent = new Intent(this, SpecialActivity.class);
         // Sets the Activity to start in a new, empty task
         notifyIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK
                 | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK);
         // Creates the PendingIntent
         PendingIntent notify_Intent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,
                 notifyIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);

         Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context)
                 .setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
                 .setTicker("backScreen").setContentInfo("contentInfo")
                 .setContentTitle("ContentTitle").setContentText("ContentText")
                 .setContentIntent(notify_Intent).setAutoCancel(true)
                 .setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL).build();
         manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_6, notification);
         this.finish();
     }

配置文件：

復(fù)制代碼代碼如下:

 <activity
             android:name="com.example.notification.SpecialActivity"
             android:excludeFromRecents="true"
             android:label="@string/title_activity_special"
             android:launchMode="singleTask"
             android:taskAffinity="" >

源碼下載

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