<?php
// 初始化db連接
$db = new \Workerman\MySQL\Connection('host', 'port', 'user', 'password', 'db_name');

// 獲取所有數(shù)據(jù)
$db->select('ID,Sex')->from('Persons')->where('sex= :sex AND ID = :id')->bindValues(array('sex'=>'M', 'id' => 1))->query();
//等價于
$db->select('ID,Sex')->from('Persons')->where("sex= 'M' AND ID = 1")->query();
//等價于
$db->query("SELECT ID,Sex FROM `Persons` WHERE sex='M' AND ID = 1");

// 獲取一行數(shù)據(jù)
$db->select('ID,Sex')->from('Persons')->where('sex= :sex')->bindValues(array('sex'=>'M'))->row();
//等價于
$db->select('ID,Sex')->from('Persons')->where("sex= 'M' ")->row();
//等價于
$db->row("SELECT ID,Sex FROM `Persons` WHERE sex='M'");

// 獲取一列數(shù)據(jù)
$db->select('ID')->from('Persons')->where('sex= :sex')->bindValues(array('sex'=>'M'))->column();
//等價于
$db->select('ID')->from('Persons')->where("sex= 'F' ")->column();
//等價于
$db->column("SELECT `ID` FROM `Persons` WHERE sex='M'");

// 獲取單個值
$db->select('ID')->from('Persons')->where('sex= :sex')->bindValues(array('sex'=>'M'))->single();
// 等價于
$db->select('ID')->from('Persons')->where("sex= 'F' ")->single();
//等價于
$db->single("SELECT ID FROM `Persons` WHERE sex='M'");

// 復(fù)雜查詢
$db->select('*')->from('table1')->innerJoin('table2','table1.uid = table2.uid')->where('age > :age')->groupBy(array('aid'))->having('foo="foo"')->orderByASC/*orderByDESC*/(array('did'))
->limit(10)->offset(20)->bindValues(array('age' => 13));
// 等價于
$db->query('SELECT * FROM `table1` INNER JOIN `table2` ON `table1`.`uid` = `table2`.`uid`
WHERE age > 13 GROUP BY aid HAVING foo="foo" ORDER BY did LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20');

// 插入
$insert_id = $db->insert('Persons')->cols(array(
    'Firstname'=>'abc',
    'Lastname'=>'efg',
    'Sex'=>'M',
    'Age'=>13))->query();
// 等價于
$insert_id = $db->query("INSERT INTO `Persons` ( `Firstname`,`Lastname`,`Sex`,`Age`)
VALUES ( 'abc', 'efg', 'M', 13)");

// 更新
$row_count = $db->update('Persons')->cols(array('sex'))->where('ID=1')
->bindValue('sex', 'F')->query();
// 等價于
$row_count = $db->update('Persons')->cols(array('sex'=>'F'))->where('ID=1')->query();
// 等價于
$row_count = $db->query("UPDATE `Persons` SET `sex` = 'F' WHERE ID=1");

// 刪除
$row_count = $db->delete('Persons')->where('ID=9')->query();
// 等價于
$row_count = $db->query("DELETE FROM `Persons` WHERE ID=9");

// 事務(wù)
$db->beginTrans();
// ....
$db->commitTrans(); // or $db->rollBackTrans();

<?php
/**
 * 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接類，依賴 PDO_MYSQL 擴展
 * 在 https://github.com/auraphp/Aura.SqlQuery 的基礎(chǔ)上修改而成
 */
class Connection
{
    /**
     * SELECT
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $union = array();

    /**
     * 是否是更新
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $for_update = false;

    /**
     * 選擇的列
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $cols = array();

    /**
     * 從哪些表里面 SELECT
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $from = array();

    /**
     * $from 當前的 key
     *
     * @var int
     */
    protected $from_key = -1;

    /**
     * GROUP BY 的列
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $group_by = array();

    /**
     * HAVING 條件數(shù)組.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $having = array();

    /**
     * HAVING 語句中綁定的值.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $bind_having = array();

    /**
     * 每頁多少條記錄
     *
     * @var int
     */
    protected $paging = 10;

    /**
     * sql 中綁定的值
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $bind_values = array();

    /**
     * WHERE 條件.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $where = array();

    /**
     * WHERE 語句綁定的值
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $bind_where = array();

    /**
     * ORDER BY 的列
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $order_by = array();

    /**
     * ORDER BY 的排序方式,默認為升序
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $order_asc = true;
    /**
     * SELECT 多少記錄
     *
     * @var int
     */
    protected $limit = 0;

    /**
     * 返回記錄的游標
     *
     * @var int
     */
    protected $offset = 0;

    /**
     * flags 列表
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $flags = array();

    /**
     * 操作哪個表
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $table;

    /**
     * 表.列 和 last-insert-id 映射
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $last_insert_id_names = array();

    /**
     * INSERT 或者 UPDATE 的列
     *
     * @param array
     */
    protected $col_values;

    /**
     * 返回的列
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $returning = array();

    /**
     * sql 的類型 SELECT INSERT DELETE UPDATE
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $type = '';

    /**
     * pdo 實例
     *
     * @var PDO
     */
    protected $pdo;

    /**
     * PDOStatement 實例
     *
     * @var \PDOStatement
     */
    protected $sQuery;

    /**
     * 數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶名密碼等配置
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $settings = array();

    /**
     * sql 的參數(shù)
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $parameters = array();

    /**
     * 最后一條直行的 sql
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $lastSql = '';

    /**
     * 是否執(zhí)行成功
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $success = false;

    /**
     * 選擇哪些列
     *
     * @param string|array $cols
     * @return self
     */
    public function select($cols = '*')
    {
        $this->type = 'SELECT';
        if (!is_array($cols)) {
            $cols = explode(',', $cols);
        }
        $this->cols($cols);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 從哪個表刪除
     *
     * @param string $table
     * @return self
     */
    public function delete($table)
    {
        $this->type  = 'DELETE';
        $this->table = $this->quoteName($table);
        $this->fromRaw($this->quoteName($table));
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 更新哪個表
     *
     * @param string $table
     * @return self
     */
    public function update($table)
    {
        $this->type  = 'UPDATE';
        $this->table = $this->quoteName($table);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 向哪個表插入
     *
     * @param string $table
     * @return self
     */
    public function insert($table)
    {
        $this->type  = 'INSERT';
        $this->table = $this->quoteName($table);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     *
     * 設(shè)置 SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS 標記.
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function calcFoundRows($enable = true)
    {
        $this->setFlag('SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS', $enable);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 SQL_CACHE 標記
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function cache($enable = true)
    {
        $this->setFlag('SQL_CACHE', $enable);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 SQL_NO_CACHE 標記
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function noCache($enable = true)
    {
        $this->setFlag('SQL_NO_CACHE', $enable);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 STRAIGHT_JOIN 標記.
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function straightJoin($enable = true)
    {
        $this->setFlag('STRAIGHT_JOIN', $enable);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 HIGH_PRIORITY 標記
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function highPriority($enable = true)
    {
        $this->setFlag('HIGH_PRIORITY', $enable);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 SQL_SMALL_RESULT 標記
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function smallResult($enable = true)
    {
        $this->setFlag('SQL_SMALL_RESULT', $enable);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 SQL_BIG_RESULT 標記
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function bigResult($enable = true)
    {
        $this->setFlag('SQL_BIG_RESULT', $enable);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 SQL_BUFFER_RESULT 標記
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function bufferResult($enable = true)
    {
        $this->setFlag('SQL_BUFFER_RESULT', $enable);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 FOR UPDATE 標記
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function forUpdate($enable = true)
    {
        $this->for_update = (bool)$enable;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 DISTINCT 標記
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function distinct($enable = true)
    {
        $this->setFlag('DISTINCT', $enable);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 LOW_PRIORITY 標記
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function lowPriority($enable = true)
    {
        $this->setFlag('LOW_PRIORITY', $enable);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 IGNORE 標記
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function ignore($enable = true)
    {
        $this->setFlag('IGNORE', $enable);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 QUICK 標記
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function quick($enable = true)
    {
        $this->setFlag('QUICK', $enable);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 DELAYED 標記
     *
     * @param bool $enable
     * @return self
     */
    public function delayed($enable = true)
    {
        $this->setFlag('DELAYED', $enable);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 序列化
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function __toString()
    {
        $union = '';
        if ($this->union) {
            $union = implode(' ', $this->union) . ' ';
        }
        return $union . $this->build();
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置每頁多少條記錄
     *
     * @param int $paging
     * @return self
     */
    public function setPaging($paging)
    {
        $this->paging = (int)$paging;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 獲取每頁多少條記錄
     *
     * @return int
     */
    public function getPaging()
    {
        return $this->paging;
    }

    /**
     * 獲取綁定在占位符上的值
     */
    public function getBindValues()
    {
        switch ($this->type) {
            case 'SELECT':
                return $this->getBindValuesSELECT();
            case 'DELETE':
            case 'UPDATE':
            case 'INSERT':
                return $this->getBindValuesCOMMON();
            default :
                throw new Exception("type err");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 獲取綁定在占位符上的值
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getBindValuesSELECT()
    {
        $bind_values = $this->bind_values;
        $i           = 1;
        foreach ($this->bind_where as $val) {
            $bind_values[$i] = $val;
            $i++;
        }
        foreach ($this->bind_having as $val) {
            $bind_values[$i] = $val;
            $i++;
        }
        return $bind_values;
    }

    /**
     *
     * SELECT選擇哪些列
     *
     * @param mixed  $key
     * @param string $val
     * @return void
     */
    protected function addColSELECT($key, $val)
    {
        if (is_string($key)) {
            $this->cols[$val] = $key;
        } else {
            $this->addColWithAlias($val);
        }
    }

    /**
     * SELECT 增加選擇的列
     *
     * @param string $spec
     */
    protected function addColWithAlias($spec)
    {
        $parts = explode(' ', $spec);
        $count = count($parts);
        if ($count == 2 && trim($parts[0]) != '' && trim($parts[1]) != '') {
            $this->cols[$parts[1]] = $parts[0];
        } elseif ($count == 3 && strtoupper($parts[1]) == 'AS') {
            $this->cols[$parts[2]] = $parts[0];
        } else {
            $this->cols[] = trim($spec);
        }
    }

    /**
     * from 哪個表
     *
     * @param string $table
     * @return self
     */
    public function from($table)
    {
        return $this->fromRaw($this->quoteName($table));
    }

    /**
     * from的表
     *
     * @param string $table
     * @return self
     */
    public function fromRaw($table)
    {
        $this->from[] = array($table);
        $this->from_key++;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     *
     * 子查詢
     *
     * @param string $table
     * @param string $name The alias name for the sub-select.
     * @return self
     */
    public function fromSubSelect($table, $name)
    {
        $this->from[] = array("($table) AS " . $this->quoteName($name));
        $this->from_key++;
        return $this;
    }


    /**
     * 增加 join 語句
     *
     * @param string $table
     * @param string $cond
     * @param string $type
     * @return self
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public function join($table, $cond = null, $type = '')
    {
        return $this->joinInternal($type, $table, $cond);
    }

    /**
     * 增加 join 語句
     *
     * @param string $join inner, left, natural
     * @param string $table
     * @param string $cond
     * @return self
     * @throws Exception
     */
    protected function joinInternal($join, $table, $cond = null)
    {
        if (!$this->from) {
            throw new Exception('Cannot join() without from()');
        }

        $join                          = strtoupper(ltrim("$join JOIN"));
        $table                         = $this->quoteName($table);
        $cond                          = $this->fixJoinCondition($cond);
        $this->from[$this->from_key][] = rtrim("$join $table $cond");
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * quote
     *
     * @param string $cond
     * @return string
     *
     */
    protected function fixJoinCondition($cond)
    {
        if (!$cond) {
            return '';
        }

        $cond = $this->quoteNamesIn($cond);

        if (strtoupper(substr(ltrim($cond), 0, 3)) == 'ON ') {
            return $cond;
        }

        if (strtoupper(substr(ltrim($cond), 0, 6)) == 'USING ') {
            return $cond;
        }

        return 'ON ' . $cond;
    }

    /**
     * inner join
     *
     * @param string $table
     * @param string $cond
     * @return self
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public function innerJoin($table, $cond = null)
    {
        return $this->joinInternal('INNER', $table, $cond);
    }

    /**
     * left join
     *
     * @param string $table
     * @param string $cond
     * @return self
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public function leftJoin($table, $cond = null)
    {
        return $this->joinInternal('LEFT', $table, $cond);
    }

    /**
     * right join
     *
     * @param string $table
     * @param string $cond
     * @return self
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public function rightJoin($table, $cond = null)
    {
        return $this->joinInternal('RIGHT', $table, $cond);
    }

    /**
     * joinSubSelect
     *
     * @param string $join inner, left, natural
     * @param string $spec
     * @param string $name sub-select 的別名
     * @param string $cond
     * @return self
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public function joinSubSelect($join, $spec, $name, $cond = null)
    {
        if (!$this->from) {
            throw new \Exception('Cannot join() without from() first.');
        }

        $join                          = strtoupper(ltrim("$join JOIN"));
        $name                          = $this->quoteName($name);
        $cond                          = $this->fixJoinCondition($cond);
        $this->from[$this->from_key][] = rtrim("$join ($spec) AS $name $cond");
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * group by 語句
     *
     * @param array $cols
     * @return self
     */
    public function groupBy(array $cols)
    {
        foreach ($cols as $col) {
            $this->group_by[] = $this->quoteNamesIn($col);
        }
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * having 語句
     *
     * @param string $cond
     * @return self
     */
    public function having($cond)
    {
        $this->addClauseCondWithBind('having', 'AND', func_get_args());
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * or having 語句
     *
     * @param string $cond The HAVING condition.
     * @return self
     */
    public function orHaving($cond)
    {
        $this->addClauseCondWithBind('having', 'OR', func_get_args());
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置每頁的記錄數(shù)量
     *
     * @param int $page
     * @return self
     */
    public function page($page)
    {
        $this->limit  = 0;
        $this->offset = 0;

        $page = (int)$page;
        if ($page > 0) {
            $this->limit  = $this->paging;
            $this->offset = $this->paging * ($page - 1);
        }
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * union
     *
     * @return self
     */
    public function union()
    {
        $this->union[] = $this->build() . ' UNION';
        $this->reset();
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * unionAll
     *
     * @return self
     */
    public function unionAll()
    {
        $this->union[] = $this->build() . ' UNION ALL';
        $this->reset();
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 重置
     */
    protected function reset()
    {
        $this->resetFlags();
        $this->cols       = array();
        $this->from       = array();
        $this->from_key   = -1;
        $this->where      = array();
        $this->group_by   = array();
        $this->having     = array();
        $this->order_by   = array();
        $this->limit      = 0;
        $this->offset     = 0;
        $this->for_update = false;
    }

    /**
     * 清除所有數(shù)據(jù)
     */
    protected function resetAll()
    {
        $this->union                = array();
        $this->for_update           = false;
        $this->cols                 = array();
        $this->from                 = array();
        $this->from_key             = -1;
        $this->group_by             = array();
        $this->having               = array();
        $this->bind_having          = array();
        $this->paging               = 10;
        $this->bind_values          = array();
        $this->where                = array();
        $this->bind_where           = array();
        $this->order_by             = array();
        $this->limit                = 0;
        $this->offset               = 0;
        $this->flags                = array();
        $this->table                = '';
        $this->last_insert_id_names = array();
        $this->col_values           = array();
        $this->returning            = array();
        $this->parameters           = array();
    }

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建 SELECT SQL
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildSELECT()
    {
        return 'SELECT'
            . $this->buildFlags()
            . $this->buildCols()
            . $this->buildFrom()
            . $this->buildWhere()
            . $this->buildGroupBy()
            . $this->buildHaving()
            . $this->buildOrderBy()
            . $this->buildLimit()
            . $this->buildForUpdate();
    }

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建 DELETE SQL
     */
    protected function buildDELETE()
    {
        return 'DELETE'
            . $this->buildFlags()
            . $this->buildFrom()
            . $this->buildWhere()
            . $this->buildOrderBy()
            . $this->buildLimit()
            . $this->buildReturning();
    }

    /**
     * 生成 SELECT 列語句
     *
     * @return string
     * @throws Exception
     */
    protected function buildCols()
    {
        if (!$this->cols) {
            throw new Exception('No columns in the SELECT.');
        }

        $cols = array();
        foreach ($this->cols as $key => $val) {
            if (is_int($key)) {
                $cols[] = $this->quoteNamesIn($val);
            } else {
                $cols[] = $this->quoteNamesIn("$val AS $key");
            }
        }

        return $this->indentCsv($cols);
    }

    /**
     * 生成 FROM 語句.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildFrom()
    {
        if (!$this->from) {
            return '';
        }

        $refs = array();
        foreach ($this->from as $from) {
            $refs[] = implode(' ', $from);
        }
        return ' FROM' . $this->indentCsv($refs);
    }

    /**
     * 生成 GROUP BY 語句.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildGroupBy()
    {
        if (!$this->group_by) {
            return '';
        }
        return ' GROUP BY' . $this->indentCsv($this->group_by);
    }

    /**
     * 生成 HAVING 語句.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildHaving()
    {
        if (!$this->having) {
            return '';
        }
        return ' HAVING' . $this->indent($this->having);
    }

    /**
     * 生成 FOR UPDATE 語句
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildForUpdate()
    {
        if (!$this->for_update) {
            return '';
        }
        return ' FOR UPDATE';
    }

    /**
     * where
     *
     * @param string|array $cond
     * @return self
     */
    public function where($cond)
    {
        if (is_array($cond)) {
            foreach ($cond as $key => $val) {
                if (is_string($key)) {
                    $this->addWhere('AND', array($key, $val));
                } else {
                    $this->addWhere('AND', array($val));
                }
            }
        } else {
            $this->addWhere('AND', func_get_args());
        }
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * or where
     *
     * @param string|array $cond
     * @return self
     */
    public function orWhere($cond)
    {
        if (is_array($cond)) {
            foreach ($cond as $key => $val) {
                if (is_string($key)) {
                    $this->addWhere('OR', array($key, $val));
                } else {
                    $this->addWhere('OR', array($val));
                }
            }
        } else {
            $this->addWhere('OR', func_get_args());
        }
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * limit
     *
     * @param int $limit
     * @return self
     */
    public function limit($limit)
    {
        $this->limit = (int)$limit;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * limit offset
     *
     * @param int $offset
     * @return self
     */
    public function offset($offset)
    {
        $this->offset = (int)$offset;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * orderby.
     *
     * @param array $cols
     * @return self
     */
    public function orderBy(array $cols)
    {
        return $this->addOrderBy($cols);
    }

    /**
     * order by ASC OR DESC
     *
     * @param array $cols
     * @param bool  $order_asc
     * @return self
     */
    public function orderByASC(array $cols, $order_asc = true)
    {
        $this->order_asc = $order_asc;
        return $this->addOrderBy($cols);
    }

    /**
     * order by DESC
     *
     * @param array $cols
     * @return self
     */
    public function orderByDESC(array $cols)
    {
        $this->order_asc = false;
        return $this->addOrderBy($cols);
    }

    // -------------abstractquery----------
    /**
     * 返回逗號分隔的字符串
     *
     * @param array $list
     * @return string
     */
    protected function indentCsv(array $list)
    {
        return ' ' . implode(',', $list);
    }

    /**
     * 返回空格分隔的字符串
     *
     * @param array $list
     * @return string
     */
    protected function indent(array $list)
    {
        return ' ' . implode(' ', $list);
    }

    /**
     * 批量為占位符綁定值
     *
     * @param array $bind_values
     * @return self
     *
     */
    public function bindValues(array $bind_values)
    {
        foreach ($bind_values as $key => $val) {
            $this->bindValue($key, $val);
        }
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 單個為占位符綁定值
     *
     * @param string $name
     * @param mixed  $value
     * @return self
     */
    public function bindValue($name, $value)
    {
        $this->bind_values[$name] = $value;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 生成 flag
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildFlags()
    {
        if (!$this->flags) {
            return '';
        }
        return ' ' . implode(' ', array_keys($this->flags));
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置 flag.
     *
     * @param string $flag
     * @param bool   $enable
     */
    protected function setFlag($flag, $enable = true)
    {
        if ($enable) {
            $this->flags[$flag] = true;
        } else {
            unset($this->flags[$flag]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 重置 flag
     */
    protected function resetFlags()
    {
        $this->flags = array();
    }

    /**
     *
     * 添加 where 語句
     *
     * @param string $andor 'AND' or 'OR
     * @param array  $conditions
     * @return self
     *
     */
    protected function addWhere($andor, $conditions)
    {
        $this->addClauseCondWithBind('where', $andor, $conditions);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 添加條件和綁定值
     *
     * @param string $clause where 、having等
     * @param string $andor  AND、OR等
     * @param array  $conditions
     */
    protected function addClauseCondWithBind($clause, $andor, $conditions)
    {
        $cond = array_shift($conditions);
        $cond = $this->quoteNamesIn($cond);

        $bind =& $this->{"bind_{$clause}"};
        foreach ($conditions as $value) {
            $bind[] = $value;
        }

        $clause =& $this->$clause;
        if ($clause) {
            $clause[] = "$andor $cond";
        } else {
            $clause[] = $cond;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 生成 where 語句
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildWhere()
    {
        if (!$this->where) {
            return '';
        }
        return ' WHERE' . $this->indent($this->where);
    }

    /**
     * 增加 order by
     *
     * @param array $spec The columns and direction to order by.
     * @return self
     */
    protected function addOrderBy(array $spec)
    {
        foreach ($spec as $col) {
            $this->order_by[] = $this->quoteNamesIn($col);
        }
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 生成 order by 語句
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildOrderBy()
    {
        if (!$this->order_by) {
            return '';
        }

        if ($this->order_asc) {
            return ' ORDER BY' . $this->indentCsv($this->order_by) . ' ASC';
        } else {
            return ' ORDER BY' . $this->indentCsv($this->order_by) . ' DESC';
        }
    }

    /**
     * 生成 limit 語句
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildLimit()
    {
        $has_limit  = $this->type == 'DELETE' || $this->type == 'UPDATE';
        $has_offset = $this->type == 'SELECT';

        if ($has_offset && $this->limit) {
            $clause = " LIMIT {$this->limit}";
            if ($this->offset) {
                $clause .= " OFFSET {$this->offset}";
            }
            return $clause;
        } elseif ($has_limit && $this->limit) {
            return " LIMIT {$this->limit}";
        }
        return '';
    }

    /**
     * Quotes
     *
     * @param string $spec
     * @return string|array
     */
    public function quoteName($spec)
    {
        $spec = trim($spec);
        $seps = array(' AS ', ' ', '.');
        foreach ($seps as $sep) {
            $pos = strripos($spec, $sep);
            if ($pos) {
                return $this->quoteNameWithSeparator($spec, $sep, $pos);
            }
        }
        return $this->replaceName($spec);
    }

    /**
     * 指定分隔符的 Quotes
     *
     * @param string $spec
     * @param string $sep
     * @param int    $pos
     * @return string
     */
    protected function quoteNameWithSeparator($spec, $sep, $pos)
    {
        $len   = strlen($sep);
        $part1 = $this->quoteName(substr($spec, 0, $pos));
        $part2 = $this->replaceName(substr($spec, $pos + $len));
        return "{$part1}{$sep}{$part2}";
    }

    /**
     * Quotes "table.col" 格式的字符串
     *
     * @param string $text
     * @return string|array
     */
    public function quoteNamesIn($text)
    {
        $list = $this->getListForQuoteNamesIn($text);
        $last = count($list) - 1;
        $text = null;
        foreach ($list as $key => $val) {
            if (($key + 1) % 3) {
                $text .= $this->quoteNamesInLoop($val, $key == $last);
            }
        }
        return $text;
    }

    /**
     * 返回 quote 元素列表
     *
     * @param string $text
     * @return array
     */
    protected function getListForQuoteNamesIn($text)
    {
        $apos = "'";
        $quot = '"';
        return preg_split(
            "/(($apos+|$quot+|\\$apos+|\\$quot+).*?\\2)/",
            $text,
            -1,
            PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE
        );
    }

    /**
     * 循環(huán) quote
     *
     * @param string $val
     * @param bool   $is_last
     * @return string
     */
    protected function quoteNamesInLoop($val, $is_last)
    {
        if ($is_last) {
            return $this->replaceNamesAndAliasIn($val);
        }
        return $this->replaceNamesIn($val);
    }

    /**
     * 替換成別名
     *
     * @param string $val
     * @return string
     */
    protected function replaceNamesAndAliasIn($val)
    {
        $quoted = $this->replaceNamesIn($val);
        $pos    = strripos($quoted, ' AS ');
        if ($pos !== false) {
            $bracket = strripos($quoted, ')');
            if ($bracket === false) {
                $alias = $this->replaceName(substr($quoted, $pos + 4));
                $quoted = substr($quoted, 0, $pos) . " AS $alias";
            }
        }
        return $quoted;
    }

    /**
     * Quotes name
     *
     * @param string $name
     * @return string
     */
    protected function replaceName($name)
    {
        $name = trim($name);
        if ($name == '*') {
            return $name;
        }
        return '`' . $name . '`';
    }

    /**
     * Quotes
     *
     * @param string $text
     * @return string|array
     */
    protected function replaceNamesIn($text)
    {
        $is_string_literal = strpos($text, "'") !== false
            || strpos($text, '"') !== false;
        if ($is_string_literal) {
            return $text;
        }

        $word = '[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*';

        $find = "/(\\b)($word)\\.($word)(\\b)/i";

        $repl = '$1`$2`.`$3`$4';

        $text = preg_replace($find, $repl, $text);

        return $text;
    }

    // ---------- insert --------------
    /**
     * 設(shè)置 `table.column` 與 last-insert-id 的映射
     *
     * @param array $last_insert_id_names
     */
    public function setLastInsertIdNames(array $last_insert_id_names)
    {
        $this->last_insert_id_names = $last_insert_id_names;
    }

    /**
     * insert into.
     *
     * @param string $table
     * @return self
     */
    public function into($table)
    {
        $this->table = $this->quoteName($table);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 生成 INSERT 語句
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildINSERT()
    {
        return 'INSERT'
            . $this->buildFlags()
            . $this->buildInto()
            . $this->buildValuesForInsert()
            . $this->buildReturning();
    }

    /**
     * 生成 INTO 語句
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildInto()
    {
        return " INTO " . $this->table;
    }

    /**
     * PDO::lastInsertId()
     *
     * @param string $col
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getLastInsertIdName($col)
    {
        $key = str_replace('`', '', $this->table) . '.' . $col;
        if (isset($this->last_insert_id_names[$key])) {
            return $this->last_insert_id_names[$key];
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置一列，如果有第二各參數(shù)，則把第二個參數(shù)綁定在占位符上
     *
     * @param string $col
     * @return self
     */
    public function col($col)
    {
        return call_user_func_array(array($this, 'addCol'), func_get_args());
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置多列
     *
     * @param array $cols
     * @return self
     */
    public function cols(array $cols)
    {
        if ($this->type == 'SELECT') {
            foreach ($cols as $key => $val) {
                $this->addColSELECT($key, $val);
            }
            return $this;
        }
        return $this->addCols($cols);
    }

    /**
     * 直接設(shè)置列的值
     *
     * @param string $col
     * @param string $value
     * @return self
     */
    public function set($col, $value)
    {
        return $this->setCol($col, $value);
    }

    /**
     * 為 INSERT 語句綁定值
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildValuesForInsert()
    {
        return ' (' . $this->indentCsv(array_keys($this->col_values)) . ') VALUES (' .
            $this->indentCsv(array_values($this->col_values)) . ')';
    }

    // ------update-------
    /**
     * 更新哪個表
     *
     * @param string $table
     * @return self
     */
    public function table($table)
    {
        $this->table = $this->quoteName($table);
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 生成完整 SQL 語句
     *
     * @return string
     * @throws Exception
     */
    protected function build()
    {
        switch ($this->type) {
            case 'DELETE':
                return $this->buildDELETE();
            case 'INSERT':
                return $this->buildINSERT();
            case 'UPDATE':
                return $this->buildUPDATE();
            case 'SELECT':
                return $this->buildSELECT();
        }
        throw new Exception("type empty");
    }

    /**
     * 生成更新的 SQL 語句
     */
    protected function buildUPDATE()
    {
        return 'UPDATE'
            . $this->buildFlags()
            . $this->buildTable()
            . $this->buildValuesForUpdate()
            . $this->buildWhere()
            . $this->buildOrderBy()
            . $this->buildLimit()
            . $this->buildReturning();
    }

    /**
     * 哪個表
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildTable()
    {
        return " {$this->table}";
    }

    /**
     * 為更新語句綁定值
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildValuesForUpdate()
    {
        $values = array();
        foreach ($this->col_values as $col => $value) {
            $values[] = "{$col} = {$value}";
        }
        return ' SET' . $this->indentCsv($values);
    }

    // ----------Dml---------------
    /**
     * 獲取綁定的值
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function getBindValuesCOMMON()
    {
        $bind_values = $this->bind_values;
        $i           = 1;
        foreach ($this->bind_where as $val) {
            $bind_values[$i] = $val;
            $i++;
        }
        return $bind_values;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置列
     *
     * @param string $col
     * @return self
     */
    protected function addCol($col)
    {
        $key                    = $this->quoteName($col);
        $this->col_values[$key] = ":$col";
        $args                   = func_get_args();
        if (count($args) > 1) {
            $this->bindValue($col, $args[1]);
        }
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置多個列
     *
     * @param array $cols
     * @return self
     */
    protected function addCols(array $cols)
    {
        foreach ($cols as $key => $val) {
            if (is_int($key)) {
                $this->addCol($val);
            } else {
                $this->addCol($key, $val);
            }
        }
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置單列的值
     *
     * @param string $col .
     * @param string $value
     * @return self
     */
    protected function setCol($col, $value)
    {
        if ($value === null) {
            $value = 'NULL';
        }

        $key                    = $this->quoteName($col);
        $value                  = $this->quoteNamesIn($value);
        $this->col_values[$key] = $value;
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 增加返回的列
     *
     * @param array $cols
     * @return self
     *
     */
    protected function addReturning(array $cols)
    {
        foreach ($cols as $col) {
            $this->returning[] = $this->quoteNamesIn($col);
        }
        return $this;
    }

    /**
     * 生成 RETURNING 語句
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function buildReturning()
    {
        if (!$this->returning) {
            return '';
        }
        return ' RETURNING' . $this->indentCsv($this->returning);
    }

    /**
     * 構(gòu)造函數(shù)
     *
     * @param string $host
     * @param int    $port
     * @param string $user
     * @param string $password
     * @param string $db_name
     * @param string $charset
     */
    public function __construct($host, $port, $user, $password, $db_name, $charset = 'utf8')
    {
        $this->settings = array(
            'host'     => $host,
            'port'     => $port,
            'user'     => $user,
            'password' => $password,
            'dbname'   => $db_name,
            'charset'  => $charset,
        );
        $this->connect();
    }

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建 PDO 實例
     */
    protected function connect()
    {
        $dsn       = 'mysql:dbname=' . $this->settings["dbname"] . ';host=' .
            $this->settings["host"] . ';port=' . $this->settings['port'];
        $this->pdo = new PDO($dsn, $this->settings["user"], $this->settings["password"],
            array(
                PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES ' . (!empty($this->settings['charset']) ?
                        $this->settings['charset'] : 'utf8')
            ));
        $this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
        $this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_STRINGIFY_FETCHES, false);
        $this->pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES, false);
    }

    /**
     * 關(guān)閉連接
     */
    public function closeConnection()
    {
        $this->pdo = null;
    }

    /**
     * 執(zhí)行
     *
     * @param string $query
     * @param string $parameters
     * @throws PDOException
     */
    protected function execute($query, $parameters = "")
    {
        try {
            if (is_null($this->pdo)) {
                $this->connect();
            }
            $this->sQuery = @$this->pdo->prepare($query);
            $this->bindMore($parameters);
            if (!empty($this->parameters)) {
                foreach ($this->parameters as $param) {
                    $this->sQuery->bindParam($param[0], $param[1]);
                }
            }
            $this->success = $this->sQuery->execute();
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            // 服務(wù)端斷開時重連一次
            if ($e->errorInfo[1] == 2006 || $e->errorInfo[1] == 2013) {
                $this->closeConnection();
                $this->connect();

                try {
                    $this->sQuery = $this->pdo->prepare($query);
                    $this->bindMore($parameters);
                    if (!empty($this->parameters)) {
                        foreach ($this->parameters as $param) {
                            $this->sQuery->bindParam($param[0], $param[1]);
                        }
                    }
                    $this->success = $this->sQuery->execute();
                } catch (PDOException $ex) {
                    $this->rollBackTrans();
                    throw $ex;
                }
            } else {
                $this->rollBackTrans();
                $msg = $e->getMessage();
                $err_msg = "SQL:".$this->lastSQL()." ".$msg;
                $exception = new \PDOException($err_msg, (int)$e->getCode());
                throw $exception;
            }
        }
        $this->parameters = array();
    }

    /**
     * 綁定
     *
     * @param string $para
     * @param string $value
     */
    public function bind($para, $value)
    {
        if (is_string($para)) {
            $this->parameters[sizeof($this->parameters)] = array(":" . $para, $value);
        } else {
            $this->parameters[sizeof($this->parameters)] = array($para, $value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 綁定多個
     *
     * @param array $parray
     */
    public function bindMore($parray)
    {
        if (empty($this->parameters) && is_array($parray)) {
            $columns = array_keys($parray);
            foreach ($columns as $i => &$column) {
                $this->bind($column, $parray[$column]);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 執(zhí)行 SQL
     *
     * @param string $query
     * @param array  $params
     * @param int    $fetchmode
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function query($query = '', $params = null, $fetchmode = PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)
    {
        $query = trim($query);
        if (empty($query)) {
            $query = $this->build();
            if (!$params) {
                $params = $this->getBindValues();
            }
        }

        $this->resetAll();
        $this->lastSql = $query;

        $this->execute($query, $params);

        $rawStatement = explode(" ", $query);

        $statement = strtolower(trim($rawStatement[0]));
        if ($statement === 'select' || $statement === 'show') {
            return $this->sQuery->fetchAll($fetchmode);
        } elseif ($statement === 'update' || $statement === 'delete' || $statement === 'replace') {
            return $this->sQuery->rowCount();
        } elseif ($statement === 'insert') {
            if ($this->sQuery->rowCount() > 0) {
                return $this->lastInsertId();
            }
        } else {
            return null;
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 返回一列
     *
     * @param  string $query
     * @param  array  $params
     * @return array
     */
    public function column($query = '', $params = null)
    {
        $query = trim($query);
        if (empty($query)) {
            $query = $this->build();
            if (!$params) {
                $params = $this->getBindValues();
            }
        }

        $this->resetAll();
        $this->lastSql = $query;

        $this->execute($query, $params);
        $columns = $this->sQuery->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_NUM);
        $column  = null;
        foreach ($columns as $cells) {
            $column[] = $cells[0];
        }
        return $column;
    }

    /**
     * 返回一行
     *
     * @param  string $query
     * @param  array  $params
     * @param  int    $fetchmode
     * @return array
     */
    public function row($query = '', $params = null, $fetchmode = PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)
    {
        $query = trim($query);
        if (empty($query)) {
            $query = $this->build();
            if (!$params) {
                $params = $this->getBindValues();
            }
        }

        $this->resetAll();
        $this->lastSql = $query;

        $this->execute($query, $params);
        return $this->sQuery->fetch($fetchmode);
    }

    /**
     * 返回單個值
     *
     * @param  string $query
     * @param  array  $params
     * @return string
     */
    public function single($query = '', $params = null)
    {
        $query = trim($query);
        if (empty($query)) {
            $query = $this->build();
            if (!$params) {
                $params = $this->getBindValues();
            }
        }

        $this->resetAll();
        $this->lastSql = $query;

        $this->execute($query, $params);
        return $this->sQuery->fetchColumn();
    }

    /**
     * 返回 lastInsertId
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function lastInsertId()
    {
        return $this->pdo->lastInsertId();
    }

    /**
     * 返回最后一條執(zhí)行的 sql
     *
     * @return  string
     */
    public function lastSQL()
    {
        return $this->lastSql;
    }

    /**
     * 開始事務(wù)
     */
    public function beginTrans()
    {
        try {
            if (is_null($this->pdo)) {
                $this->connect();
            }
            return $this->pdo->beginTransaction();
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            // 服務(wù)端斷開時重連一次
            if ($e->errorInfo[1] == 2006 || $e->errorInfo[1] == 2013) {
                $this->closeConnection();
                $this->connect();
                return $this->pdo->beginTransaction();
            } else {
                throw $e;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 提交事務(wù)
     */
    public function commitTrans()
    {
        return $this->pdo->commit();
    }

    /**
     * 事務(wù)回滾
     */
    public function rollBackTrans()
    {
        if ($this->pdo->inTransaction()) {
            return $this->pdo->rollBack();
        }
        return true;
    }
}