C++實(shí)現(xiàn)移動立方體示例講解
更新時間：2022年12月21日 14:11:17 作者：Leonban
這篇文章主要介紹了C++實(shí)現(xiàn)移動立方體，文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學(xué)習(xí)吧
本文描述了一個創(chuàng)建三維標(biāo)量場等值面多邊形曲面表示的算法。這類問題的一個常見名稱是所謂的“移動立方體”算法。它結(jié)合了簡單和高速，因?yàn)樗鼛缀跬耆糜诓檎冶怼?/p>
這種技術(shù)有很多應(yīng)用，兩個非常常見的是:
從醫(yī)學(xué)體積數(shù)據(jù)集重建表面。例如，MRI掃描在常規(guī)3d網(wǎng)格的頂點(diǎn)處產(chǎn)生一個3d體積的樣本。
創(chuàng)建數(shù)學(xué)標(biāo)量場的三維輪廓。在這種情況下，函數(shù)是已知的，但在一個常規(guī)的3D網(wǎng)格的頂點(diǎn)采樣。
1.解決方案
其基本問題是通過在矩形三維網(wǎng)格上采樣的標(biāo)量場形成一個面逼近等值面。給定一個由頂點(diǎn)和每個頂點(diǎn)的標(biāo)量值定義的網(wǎng)格單元，有必要創(chuàng)建通過該網(wǎng)格單元最能代表等值面的平面facet。等值面可能不會穿過網(wǎng)格單元格，它可能切斷任何一個頂點(diǎn)，或者它可能通過許多更復(fù)雜的方式中的任何一種。每一種可能性都將以等值面以上或以下值的頂點(diǎn)數(shù)來表征。如果一個頂點(diǎn)在等值面上，而另一個相鄰頂點(diǎn)在等值面上，那么我們就知道等值面上切割這兩個頂點(diǎn)之間的邊。它切割邊緣的位置將被線性插值，兩個頂點(diǎn)之間的長度之比將與等值面值與網(wǎng)格單元格頂點(diǎn)處值之比相同。
算法中使用的頂點(diǎn)和邊的索引約定如下所示
例如，如果頂點(diǎn)3的值低于等值面值，而所有其他頂點(diǎn)的值都高于等值面值，那么我們將創(chuàng)建一個三角形面，它穿過邊2、3和11。三角形面的頂點(diǎn)的確切位置分別取決于等值面值與頂點(diǎn)3-2、3-0、3-7上的值的關(guān)系。
使算法“困難”的是大量的可能組合(256個)，以及需要為每個解決方案導(dǎo)出一致的facet組合，以便相鄰網(wǎng)格單元的facet正確地連接在一起。
算法的第一部分使用一個表(edgeTable)，它將等值面下的頂點(diǎn)映射到相交的邊緣。一個8位的索引是由每個位對應(yīng)一個頂點(diǎn)形成的。
cubeindex = 0;
if (grid.val[0] < isolevel) cubeindex |= 1;
if (grid.val[1] < isolevel) cubeindex |= 2;
if (grid.val[2] < isolevel) cubeindex |= 4;
if (grid.val[3] < isolevel) cubeindex |= 8;
if (grid.val[4] < isolevel) cubeindex |= 16;
if (grid.val[5] < isolevel) cubeindex |= 32;
if (grid.val[6] < isolevel) cubeindex |= 64;
if (grid.val[7] < isolevel) cubeindex |= 128;
查找邊緣表返回一個12位的數(shù)字，每一位對應(yīng)一條邊，0表示該邊沒有被等值面切割，1表示該邊被等值面切割。如果沒有任何邊被切割，則表返回0，當(dāng)cubeindex為0(等值面以下的所有頂點(diǎn))或0xff(等值面以上的所有頂點(diǎn))時就會發(fā)生這種情況。
使用前面的例子，只有頂點(diǎn)3低于等值面，cubeindex將等于0000 1000或8。edgeTable[8] = 1000 0000 1100。這意味著邊2,3和11與等值面相交。
交點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在由線性插值計算。如果P1和P2是切邊的兩個頂點(diǎn)，V1和V2是每個頂點(diǎn)的標(biāo)量值，那么交點(diǎn)P是
P = P1 +(等值- V1) (P2 - P1) / (V2 - V1)
算法的最后一部分涉及到從等值面與網(wǎng)格單元的邊緣相交的位置形成正確的facet。同樣使用了一個表(triTable)，這次使用相同的立方體索引，但允許查找頂點(diǎn)序列，因?yàn)樵诰W(wǎng)格單元中表示等值面需要多少三角形面就需要多少三角形面。最多需要5個三角形面。
回到我們的例子，在前面的步驟中，我們計算了沿邊2、3和11的交點(diǎn)。triTable中的第8個元素是
{3、11、2、1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
這是一個特別簡單的示例，請確保facet組合對于表中的許多情況不是那么明顯。
2.舉例子
假設(shè)頂點(diǎn)0和3在等值面以下。Cubeindex將是0000 1001 == 9。進(jìn)入egdeTable的第9項(xiàng)是905hex == 1001 0000 0101，這意味著邊11、8、2和0被切割，所以我們計算出等面與這些邊相交的頂點(diǎn)。
接下來，triitable中的9是0,11,2,8,11,0。這對應(yīng)于兩個三角形面片，一個在邊0,11和2的交點(diǎn)之間。另一個在沿邊8 11和0的交點(diǎn)之間。
3.網(wǎng)格分辨率
當(dāng)對一個值已知或可以在空間中任意位置插值的字段進(jìn)行多邊形化時，一個非常理想的控制是采樣網(wǎng)格的分辨率。這允許根據(jù)所需的平滑度和/或顯示表面的處理能力生成等面的過程或精細(xì)近似。
4.源代碼
基于OpenGL繪制（VS可直接運(yùn)行）
#include "stdio.h"
#include "math.h"
//This program requires the OpenGL and GLUT libraries
// You can obtain them for free from http://www.opengl.org
#include "GL/glut.h"
struct GLvector
{
GLfloat fX;
GLfloat fY;
GLfloat fZ;
};
//These tables are used so that everything can be done in little loops that you can look at all at once
// rather than in pages and pages of unrolled code.
//a2fVertexOffset lists the positions, relative to vertex0, of each of the 8 vertices of a cube
static const GLfloat a2fVertexOffset[8][3] =
{
{0.0, 0.0, 0.0},{1.0, 0.0, 0.0},{1.0, 1.0, 0.0},{0.0, 1.0, 0.0},
{0.0, 0.0, 1.0},{1.0, 0.0, 1.0},{1.0, 1.0, 1.0},{0.0, 1.0, 1.0}
};
//a2iEdgeConnection lists the index of the endpoint vertices for each of the 12 edges of the cube
static const GLint a2iEdgeConnection[12][2] =
{
{0,1}, {1,2}, {2,3}, {3,0},
{4,5}, {5,6}, {6,7}, {7,4},
{0,4}, {1,5}, {2,6}, {3,7}
};
//a2fEdgeDirection lists the direction vector (vertex1-vertex0) for each edge in the cube
static const GLfloat a2fEdgeDirection[12][3] =
{
{1.0, 0.0, 0.0},{0.0, 1.0, 0.0},{-1.0, 0.0, 0.0},{0.0, -1.0, 0.0},
{1.0, 0.0, 0.0},{0.0, 1.0, 0.0},{-1.0, 0.0, 0.0},{0.0, -1.0, 0.0},
{0.0, 0.0, 1.0},{0.0, 0.0, 1.0},{ 0.0, 0.0, 1.0},{0.0, 0.0, 1.0}
};
//a2iTetrahedronEdgeConnection lists the index of the endpoint vertices for each of the 6 edges of the tetrahedron
static const GLint a2iTetrahedronEdgeConnection[6][2] =
{
{0,1}, {1,2}, {2,0}, {0,3}, {1,3}, {2,3}
};
//a2iTetrahedronEdgeConnection lists the index of verticies from a cube
// that made up each of the six tetrahedrons within the cube
static const GLint a2iTetrahedronsInACube[6][4] =
{
{0,5,1,6},
{0,1,2,6},
{0,2,3,6},
{0,3,7,6},
{0,7,4,6},
{0,4,5,6},
};
static const GLfloat afAmbientWhite [] = {0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 1.00};
static const GLfloat afAmbientRed [] = {0.25, 0.00, 0.00, 1.00};
static const GLfloat afAmbientGreen [] = {0.00, 0.25, 0.00, 1.00};
static const GLfloat afAmbientBlue [] = {0.00, 0.00, 0.25, 1.00};
static const GLfloat afDiffuseWhite [] = {0.75, 0.75, 0.75, 1.00};
static const GLfloat afDiffuseRed [] = {0.75, 0.00, 0.00, 1.00};
static const GLfloat afDiffuseGreen [] = {0.00, 0.75, 0.00, 1.00};
static const GLfloat afDiffuseBlue [] = {0.00, 0.00, 0.75, 1.00};
static const GLfloat afSpecularWhite[] = {1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00};
static const GLfloat afSpecularRed [] = {1.00, 0.25, 0.25, 1.00};
static const GLfloat afSpecularGreen[] = {0.25, 1.00, 0.25, 1.00};
static const GLfloat afSpecularBlue [] = {0.25, 0.25, 1.00, 1.00};
GLenum ePolygonMode = GL_LINE;
GLint iDataSetSize = 26;
GLfloat fStepSize = 1.0/iDataSetSize;
GLfloat fTargetValue = 48.0;
GLfloat fTime = 0.0;
GLvector sSourcePoint[3];
GLboolean bSpin = true;
GLboolean bMove = true;
GLboolean bLight = true;
void vIdle();
void vDrawScene();
void vResize(GLsizei, GLsizei);
void vKeyboard(unsigned char cKey, int iX, int iY);
void vSpecial(int iKey, int iX, int iY);
GLvoid vPrintHelp();
GLvoid vSetTime(GLfloat fTime);
GLfloat fSample1(GLfloat fX, GLfloat fY, GLfloat fZ);
GLfloat fSample2(GLfloat fX, GLfloat fY, GLfloat fZ);
GLfloat fSample3(GLfloat fX, GLfloat fY, GLfloat fZ);
GLfloat (*fSample)(GLfloat fX, GLfloat fY, GLfloat fZ) = fSample1;
GLvoid vMarchingCubes();
GLvoid vMarchCube1(GLfloat fX, GLfloat fY, GLfloat fZ, GLfloat fScale);
GLvoid vMarchCube2(GLfloat fX, GLfloat fY, GLfloat fZ, GLfloat fScale);
GLvoid (*vMarchCube)(GLfloat fX, GLfloat fY, GLfloat fZ, GLfloat fScale) = vMarchCube1;
void main(int argc, char **argv)
{
GLfloat afPropertiesAmbient [] = {0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 1.00};
GLfloat afPropertiesDiffuse [] = {0.75, 0.75, 0.75, 1.00};
GLfloat afPropertiesSpecular[] = {1.00, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00};
GLsizei iWidth = 640.0;
GLsizei iHeight = 480.0;
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitWindowPosition( 0, 0);
glutInitWindowSize(iWidth, iHeight);
glutInitDisplayMode( GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE );
glutCreateWindow( "Marching Cubes" );
glutDisplayFunc( vDrawScene );
glutIdleFunc( vIdle );
glutReshapeFunc( vResize );
glutKeyboardFunc( vKeyboard );
glutSpecialFunc( vSpecial );
glClearColor( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
glClearDepth( 1.0 );
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, ePolygonMode);
glLightfv( GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, afPropertiesAmbient);
glLightfv( GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, afPropertiesDiffuse);
glLightfv( GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, afPropertiesSpecular);
glLightModelf(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_TWO_SIDE, 1.0);
glEnable( GL_LIGHT0 );
glMaterialfv(GL_BACK, GL_AMBIENT, afAmbientGreen);
glMaterialfv(GL_BACK, GL_DIFFUSE, afDiffuseGreen);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, afAmbientBlue);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, afDiffuseBlue);
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, afSpecularWhite);
glMaterialf( GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, 25.0);
vResize(iWidth, iHeight);
vPrintHelp();
glutMainLoop();
}
GLvoid vPrintHelp()
{
printf("Marching Cubes Example by Cory Bloyd (dejaspaminacan@my-deja.com)\n\n");
printf("+/- increase/decrease sample density\n");
printf("PageUp/PageDown increase/decrease surface value\n");
printf("s change sample function\n");
printf("c toggle marching cubes / marching tetrahedrons\n");
printf("w wireframe on/off\n");
printf("l toggle lighting / color-by-normal\n");
printf("Home spin scene on/off\n");
printf("End source point animation on/off\n");
}
void vResize( GLsizei iWidth, GLsizei iHeight )
{
GLfloat fAspect, fHalfWorldSize = (1.4142135623730950488016887242097/2);
glViewport( 0, 0, iWidth, iHeight );
glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity ();
if(iWidth <= iHeight)
{
fAspect = (GLfloat)iHeight / (GLfloat)iWidth;
glOrtho(-fHalfWorldSize, fHalfWorldSize, -fHalfWorldSize*fAspect,
fHalfWorldSize*fAspect, -10*fHalfWorldSize, 10*fHalfWorldSize);
}
else
{
fAspect = (GLfloat)iWidth / (GLfloat)iHeight;
glOrtho(-fHalfWorldSize*fAspect, fHalfWorldSize*fAspect, -fHalfWorldSize,
fHalfWorldSize, -10*fHalfWorldSize, 10*fHalfWorldSize);
}
glMatrixMode( GL_MODELVIEW );
}
void vKeyboard(unsigned char cKey, int iX, int iY)
{
switch(cKey)
{
case 'w' :
{
if(ePolygonMode == GL_LINE)
{
ePolygonMode = GL_FILL;
}
else
{
ePolygonMode = GL_LINE;
}
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, ePolygonMode);
} break;
case '+' :
case '=' :
{
++iDataSetSize;
fStepSize = 1.0/iDataSetSize;
} break;
case '-' :
{
if(iDataSetSize > 1)
{
--iDataSetSize;
fStepSize = 1.0/iDataSetSize;
}
} break;
case 'c' :
{
if(vMarchCube == vMarchCube1)
{
vMarchCube = vMarchCube1;//Use Marching Tetrahedrons
}
else
{
vMarchCube = vMarchCube1;//Use Marching Cubes
}
} break;
case 's' :
{
if(fSample == fSample1)
{
fSample = fSample1;
}
else if(fSample == fSample2)
{
fSample = fSample1;
}
else
{
fSample = fSample1;
}
} break;
case 'l' :
{
if(bLight)
{
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);//use vertex colors
}
else
{
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);//use lit material color
}
bLight = !bLight;
};
}
}
void vSpecial(int iKey, int iX, int iY)
{
switch(iKey)
{
case GLUT_KEY_PAGE_UP :
{
if(fTargetValue < 1000.0)
{
fTargetValue *= 1.1;
}
} break;
case GLUT_KEY_PAGE_DOWN :
{
if(fTargetValue > 1.0)
{
fTargetValue /= 1.1;
}
} break;
case GLUT_KEY_HOME :
{
bSpin = !bSpin;
} break;
case GLUT_KEY_END :
{
bMove = !bMove;
} break;
}
}
void vIdle()
{
glutPostRedisplay();
}
void vDrawScene()
{
static GLfloat fPitch = 0.0;
static GLfloat fYaw = 0.0;
static GLfloat fTime = 0.0;
glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );
glPushMatrix();
if(bSpin)
{
fPitch += 4.0;
fYaw += 2.5;
}
if(bMove)
{
fTime += 0.025;
}
vSetTime(fTime);
glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -1.0);
glRotatef( -fPitch, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glRotatef( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glRotatef( fYaw, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glPushAttrib(GL_LIGHTING_BIT);
glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);
glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glutWireCube(1.0);
glPopAttrib();
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(-0.5, -0.5, -0.5);
glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
vMarchingCubes();
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glPopMatrix();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
//fGetOffset finds the approximate point of intersection of the surface
// between two points with the values fValue1 and fValue2
GLfloat fGetOffset(GLfloat fValue1, GLfloat fValue2, GLfloat fValueDesired)
{
GLdouble fDelta = fValue2 - fValue1;
if(fDelta == 0.0)
{
return 0.5;
}
return (fValueDesired - fValue1)/fDelta;
}
//vGetColor generates a color from a given position and normal of a point
GLvoid vGetColor(GLvector &rfColor, GLvector &rfPosition, GLvector &rfNormal)
{
GLfloat fX = rfNormal.fX;
GLfloat fY = rfNormal.fY;
GLfloat fZ = rfNormal.fZ;
rfColor.fX = (fX > 0.0 ? fX : 0.0) + (fY < 0.0 ? -0.5*fY : 0.0) + (fZ < 0.0 ? -0.5*fZ : 0.0);
rfColor.fY = (fY > 0.0 ? fY : 0.0) + (fZ < 0.0 ? -0.5*fZ : 0.0) + (fX < 0.0 ? -0.5*fX : 0.0);
rfColor.fZ = (fZ > 0.0 ? fZ : 0.0) + (fX < 0.0 ? -0.5*fX : 0.0) + (fY < 0.0 ? -0.5*fY : 0.0);
}
GLvoid vNormalizeVector(GLvector &rfVectorResult, GLvector &rfVectorSource)
{
GLfloat fOldLength;
GLfloat fScale;
fOldLength = sqrtf( (rfVectorSource.fX * rfVectorSource.fX) +
(rfVectorSource.fY * rfVectorSource.fY) +
(rfVectorSource.fZ * rfVectorSource.fZ) );
if(fOldLength == 0.0)
{
rfVectorResult.fX = rfVectorSource.fX;
rfVectorResult.fY = rfVectorSource.fY;
rfVectorResult.fZ = rfVectorSource.fZ;
}
else
{
fScale = 1.0/fOldLength;
rfVectorResult.fX = rfVectorSource.fX*fScale;
rfVectorResult.fY = rfVectorSource.fY*fScale;
rfVectorResult.fZ = rfVectorSource.fZ*fScale;
}
}
//Generate a sample data set. fSample1(), fSample2() and fSample3() define three scalar fields whose
// values vary by the X,Y and Z coordinates and by the fTime value set by vSetTime()
GLvoid vSetTime(GLfloat fNewTime)
{
GLfloat fOffset;
GLint iSourceNum;
for(iSourceNum = 0; iSourceNum < 3; iSourceNum++)
{
sSourcePoint[iSourceNum].fX = 0.5;
sSourcePoint[iSourceNum].fY = 0.5;
sSourcePoint[iSourceNum].fZ = 0.5;
}
fTime = fNewTime;
fOffset = 1.0 + sinf(fTime);
sSourcePoint[0].fX *= fOffset;
sSourcePoint[1].fY *= fOffset;
sSourcePoint[2].fZ *= fOffset;
}
//fSample1 finds the distance of (fX, fY, fZ) from three moving points
GLfloat fSample3(GLfloat fX, GLfloat fY, GLfloat fZ)
{
GLdouble fResult = 0.0;
GLdouble fDx, fDy, fDz;
fDx = fX - sSourcePoint[0].fX;
fDy = fY - sSourcePoint[0].fY;
fDz = fZ - sSourcePoint[0].fZ;
fResult += 0.5/(fDx*fDx + fDy*fDy + fDz*fDz);
fDx = fX - sSourcePoint[1].fX;
fDy = fY - sSourcePoint[1].fY;
fDz = fZ - sSourcePoint[1].fZ;
fResult += 1.0/(fDx*fDx + fDy*fDy + fDz*fDz);
fDx = fX - sSourcePoint[2].fX;
fDy = fY - sSourcePoint[2].fY;
fDz = fZ - sSourcePoint[2].fZ;
fResult += 1.5/(fDx*fDx + fDy*fDy + fDz*fDz);
return fResult;
}
//fSample2 finds the distance of (fX, fY, fZ) from three moving lines
GLfloat fSample2(GLfloat fX, GLfloat fY, GLfloat fZ)
{
GLdouble fResult = 0.0;
GLdouble fDx, fDy, fDz;
fDx = fX - sSourcePoint[0].fX;
fDy = fY - sSourcePoint[0].fY;
fResult += 0.5/(fDx*fDx + fDy*fDy);
fDx = fX - sSourcePoint[1].fX;
fDz = fZ - sSourcePoint[1].fZ;
fResult += 0.75/(fDx*fDx + fDz*fDz);
fDy = fY - sSourcePoint[2].fY;
fDz = fZ - sSourcePoint[2].fZ;
fResult += 1.0/(fDy*fDy + fDz*fDz);
return fResult;
}
//fSample2 defines a height field by plugging the distance from the center into the sin and cos functions
GLfloat fSample1(GLfloat fX, GLfloat fY, GLfloat fZ)
{
GLfloat fHeight = ((sqrt((0.5-fX)*(0.5-fX) + (0.5-fY)*(0.5-fY))) +48);
GLdouble fResult = (fHeight-fZ);
return fResult;
}
//vGetNormal() finds the gradient of the scalar field at a point
//This gradient can be used as a very accurate vertx normal for lighting calculations
GLvoid vGetNormal(GLvector &rfNormal, GLfloat fX, GLfloat fY, GLfloat fZ)
{
rfNormal.fX = fSample(fX-0.01, fY, fZ) - fSample(fX+0.01, fY, fZ);
rfNormal.fY = fSample(fX, fY-0.01, fZ) - fSample(fX, fY+0.01, fZ);
rfNormal.fZ = fSample(fX, fY, fZ-0.01) - fSample(fX, fY, fZ+0.01);
vNormalizeVector(rfNormal, rfNormal);
}
//vMarchCube1 performs the Marching Cubes algorithm on a single cube
GLvoid vMarchCube1(GLfloat fX, GLfloat fY, GLfloat fZ, GLfloat fScale)
{
extern GLint aiCubeEdgeFlags[256];
extern GLint a2iTriangleConnectionTable[256][16];
GLint iCorner, iVertex, iVertexTest, iEdge, iTriangle, iFlagIndex, iEdgeFlags;
GLfloat fOffset;
GLvector sColor;
GLfloat afCubeValue[8];
GLvector asEdgeVertex[12];
GLvector asEdgeNorm[12];
//Make a local copy of the values at the cube's corners
for(iVertex = 0; iVertex < 8; iVertex++)
{
afCubeValue[iVertex] = fSample(fX + a2fVertexOffset[iVertex][0]*fScale,
fY + a2fVertexOffset[iVertex][1]*fScale,
fZ + a2fVertexOffset[iVertex][2]*fScale);
}
//Find which vertices are inside of the surface and which are outside
iFlagIndex = 0;
for(iVertexTest = 0; iVertexTest < 8; iVertexTest++)
{
if(afCubeValue[iVertexTest] <= fTargetValue)
iFlagIndex |= 1<<iVertexTest;
}
//Find which edges are intersected by the surface
iEdgeFlags = aiCubeEdgeFlags[iFlagIndex];
//If the cube is entirely inside or outside of the surface, then there will be no intersections
if(iEdgeFlags == 0)
{
return;
}
//Find the point of intersection of the surface with each edge
//Then find the normal to the surface at those points
for(iEdge = 0; iEdge < 12; iEdge++)
{
//if there is an intersection on this edge
if(iEdgeFlags & (1<<iEdge))
{
fOffset = fGetOffset(afCubeValue[ a2iEdgeConnection[iEdge][0] ],
afCubeValue[ a2iEdgeConnection[iEdge][1] ], fTargetValue);
asEdgeVertex[iEdge].fX = fX + (a2fVertexOffset[ a2iEdgeConnection[iEdge][0] ][0] + fOffset * a2fEdgeDirection[iEdge][0]) * fScale;
asEdgeVertex[iEdge].fY = fY + (a2fVertexOffset[ a2iEdgeConnection[iEdge][0] ][1] + fOffset * a2fEdgeDirection[iEdge][1]) * fScale;
asEdgeVertex[iEdge].fZ = fZ + (a2fVertexOffset[ a2iEdgeConnection[iEdge][0] ][2] + fOffset * a2fEdgeDirection[iEdge][2]) * fScale;
vGetNormal(asEdgeNorm[iEdge], asEdgeVertex[iEdge].fX, asEdgeVertex[iEdge].fY, asEdgeVertex[iEdge].fZ);
}
}
//Draw the triangles that were found. There can be up to five per cube
for(iTriangle = 0; iTriangle < 5; iTriangle++)
{
if(a2iTriangleConnectionTable[iFlagIndex][3*iTriangle] < 0)
break;
for(iCorner = 0; iCorner < 3; iCorner++)
{
iVertex = a2iTriangleConnectionTable[iFlagIndex][3*iTriangle+iCorner];
vGetColor(sColor, asEdgeVertex[iVertex], asEdgeNorm[iVertex]);
glColor3f(sColor.fX, sColor.fY, sColor.fZ);
glNormal3f(asEdgeNorm[iVertex].fX, asEdgeNorm[iVertex].fY, asEdgeNorm[iVertex].fZ);
glVertex3f(asEdgeVertex[iVertex].fX, asEdgeVertex[iVertex].fY, asEdgeVertex[iVertex].fZ);
}
}
}
//vMarchTetrahedron performs the Marching Tetrahedrons algorithm on a single tetrahedron
GLvoid vMarchTetrahedron(GLvector *pasTetrahedronPosition, GLfloat *pafTetrahedronValue)
{
extern GLint aiTetrahedronEdgeFlags[16];
extern GLint a2iTetrahedronTriangles[16][7];
GLint iEdge, iVert0, iVert1, iEdgeFlags, iTriangle, iCorner, iVertex, iFlagIndex = 0;
GLfloat fOffset, fInvOffset, fValue = 0.0;
GLvector asEdgeVertex[6];
GLvector asEdgeNorm[6];
GLvector sColor;
//Find which vertices are inside of the surface and which are outside
for(iVertex = 0; iVertex < 4; iVertex++)
{
if(pafTetrahedronValue[iVertex] <= fTargetValue)
iFlagIndex |= 1<<iVertex;
}
//Find which edges are intersected by the surface
iEdgeFlags = aiTetrahedronEdgeFlags[iFlagIndex];
//If the tetrahedron is entirely inside or outside of the surface, then there will be no intersections
if(iEdgeFlags == 0)
{
return;
}
//Find the point of intersection of the surface with each edge
// Then find the normal to the surface at those points
for(iEdge = 0; iEdge < 6; iEdge++)
{
//if there is an intersection on this edge
if(iEdgeFlags & (1<<iEdge))
{
iVert0 = a2iTetrahedronEdgeConnection[iEdge][0];
iVert1 = a2iTetrahedronEdgeConnection[iEdge][1];
fOffset = fGetOffset(pafTetrahedronValue[iVert0], pafTetrahedronValue[iVert1], fTargetValue);
fInvOffset = 1.0 - fOffset;
asEdgeVertex[iEdge].fX = fInvOffset*pasTetrahedronPosition[iVert0].fX + fOffset*pasTetrahedronPosition[iVert1].fX;
asEdgeVertex[iEdge].fY = fInvOffset*pasTetrahedronPosition[iVert0].fY + fOffset*pasTetrahedronPosition[iVert1].fY;
asEdgeVertex[iEdge].fZ = fInvOffset*pasTetrahedronPosition[iVert0].fZ + fOffset*pasTetrahedronPosition[iVert1].fZ;
vGetNormal(asEdgeNorm[iEdge], asEdgeVertex[iEdge].fX, asEdgeVertex[iEdge].fY, asEdgeVertex[iEdge].fZ);
}
}
//Draw the triangles that were found. There can be up to 2 per tetrahedron
for(iTriangle = 0; iTriangle < 2; iTriangle++)
{
if(a2iTetrahedronTriangles[iFlagIndex][3*iTriangle] < 0)
break;
for(iCorner = 0; iCorner < 3; iCorner++)
{
iVertex = a2iTetrahedronTriangles[iFlagIndex][3*iTriangle+iCorner];
vGetColor(sColor, asEdgeVertex[iVertex], asEdgeNorm[iVertex]);
glColor3f(sColor.fX, sColor.fY, sColor.fZ);
glNormal3f(asEdgeNorm[iVertex].fX, asEdgeNorm[iVertex].fY, asEdgeNorm[iVertex].fZ);
glVertex3f(asEdgeVertex[iVertex].fX, asEdgeVertex[iVertex].fY, asEdgeVertex[iVertex].fZ);
}
}
}
//vMarchCube2 performs the Marching Tetrahedrons algorithm on a single cube by making six calls to vMarchTetrahedron
GLvoid vMarchCube2(GLfloat fX, GLfloat fY, GLfloat fZ, GLfloat fScale)
{
GLint iVertex, iTetrahedron, iVertexInACube;
GLvector asCubePosition[8];
GLfloat afCubeValue[8];
GLvector asTetrahedronPosition[4];
GLfloat afTetrahedronValue[4];
//Make a local copy of the cube's corner positions
for(iVertex = 0; iVertex < 8; iVertex++)
{
asCubePosition[iVertex].fX = fX + a2fVertexOffset[iVertex][0]*fScale;
asCubePosition[iVertex].fY = fY + a2fVertexOffset[iVertex][1]*fScale;
asCubePosition[iVertex].fZ = fZ + a2fVertexOffset[iVertex][2]*fScale;
}
//Make a local copy of the cube's corner values
for(iVertex = 0; iVertex < 8; iVertex++)
{
afCubeValue[iVertex] = fSample(asCubePosition[iVertex].fX,
asCubePosition[iVertex].fY,
asCubePosition[iVertex].fZ);
}
for(iTetrahedron = 0; iTetrahedron < 6; iTetrahedron++)
{
for(iVertex = 0; iVertex < 4; iVertex++)
{
iVertexInACube = a2iTetrahedronsInACube[iTetrahedron][iVertex];
asTetrahedronPosition[iVertex].fX = asCubePosition[iVertexInACube].fX;
asTetrahedronPosition[iVertex].fY = asCubePosition[iVertexInACube].fY;
asTetrahedronPosition[iVertex].fZ = asCubePosition[iVertexInACube].fZ;
afTetrahedronValue[iVertex] = afCubeValue[iVertexInACube];
}
vMarchTetrahedron(asTetrahedronPosition, afTetrahedronValue);
}
}
//vMarchingCubes iterates over the entire dataset, calling vMarchCube on each cube
GLvoid vMarchingCubes()
{
GLint iX, iY, iZ;
for(iX = 0; iX < iDataSetSize; iX++)
for(iY = 0; iY < iDataSetSize; iY++)
for(iZ = 0; iZ < iDataSetSize; iZ++)
{
vMarchCube(iX*fStepSize, iY*fStepSize, iZ*fStepSize, fStepSize);
}
}
// For any edge, if one vertex is inside of the surface and the other is outside of the surface
// then the edge intersects the surface
// For each of the 4 vertices of the tetrahedron can be two possible states : either inside or outside of the surface
// For any tetrahedron the are 2^4=16 possible sets of vertex states
// This table lists the edges intersected by the surface for all 16 possible vertex states
// There are 6 edges. For each entry in the table, if edge #n is intersected, then bit #n is set to 1
GLint aiTetrahedronEdgeFlags[16]=
{
0x00, 0x0d, 0x13, 0x1e, 0x26, 0x2b, 0x35, 0x38, 0x38, 0x35, 0x2b, 0x26, 0x1e, 0x13, 0x0d, 0x00,
};
// For each of the possible vertex states listed in aiTetrahedronEdgeFlags there is a specific triangulation
// of the edge intersection points. a2iTetrahedronTriangles lists all of them in the form of
// 0-2 edge triples with the list terminated by the invalid value -1.
//
// I generated this table by hand
GLint a2iTetrahedronTriangles[16][7] =
{
{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{ 0, 3, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{ 0, 1, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{ 1, 4, 2, 2, 4, 3, -1},
{ 1, 2, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{ 0, 3, 5, 0, 5, 1, -1},
{ 0, 2, 5, 0, 5, 4, -1},
{ 5, 4, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{ 3, 4, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{ 4, 5, 0, 5, 2, 0, -1},
{ 1, 5, 0, 5, 3, 0, -1},
{ 5, 2, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{ 3, 4, 2, 2, 4, 1, -1},
{ 4, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{ 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
};
// For any edge, if one vertex is inside of the surface and the other is outside of the surface
// then the edge intersects the surface
// For each of the 8 vertices of the cube can be two possible states : either inside or outside of the surface
// For any cube the are 2^8=256 possible sets of vertex states
// This table lists the edges intersected by the surface for all 256 possible vertex states
// There are 12 edges. For each entry in the table, if edge #n is intersected, then bit #n is set to 1
GLint aiCubeEdgeFlags[256]=
{
0x000, 0x109, 0x203, 0x30a, 0x406, 0x50f, 0x605, 0x70c, 0x80c, 0x905, 0xa0f, 0xb06, 0xc0a, 0xd03, 0xe09, 0xf00,
0x190, 0x099, 0x393, 0x29a, 0x596, 0x49f, 0x795, 0x69c, 0x99c, 0x895, 0xb9f, 0xa96, 0xd9a, 0xc93, 0xf99, 0xe90,
0x230, 0x339, 0x033, 0x13a, 0x636, 0x73f, 0x435, 0x53c, 0xa3c, 0xb35, 0x83f, 0x936, 0xe3a, 0xf33, 0xc39, 0xd30,
0x3a0, 0x2a9, 0x1a3, 0x0aa, 0x7a6, 0x6af, 0x5a5, 0x4ac, 0xbac, 0xaa5, 0x9af, 0x8a6, 0xfaa, 0xea3, 0xda9, 0xca0,
0x460, 0x569, 0x663, 0x76a, 0x066, 0x16f, 0x265, 0x36c, 0xc6c, 0xd65, 0xe6f, 0xf66, 0x86a, 0x963, 0xa69, 0xb60,
0x5f0, 0x4f9, 0x7f3, 0x6fa, 0x1f6, 0x0ff, 0x3f5, 0x2fc, 0xdfc, 0xcf5, 0xfff, 0xef6, 0x9fa, 0x8f3, 0xbf9, 0xaf0,
0x650, 0x759, 0x453, 0x55a, 0x256, 0x35f, 0x055, 0x15c, 0xe5c, 0xf55, 0xc5f, 0xd56, 0xa5a, 0xb53, 0x859, 0x950,
0x7c0, 0x6c9, 0x5c3, 0x4ca, 0x3c6, 0x2cf, 0x1c5, 0x0cc, 0xfcc, 0xec5, 0xdcf, 0xcc6, 0xbca, 0xac3, 0x9c9, 0x8c0,
0x8c0, 0x9c9, 0xac3, 0xbca, 0xcc6, 0xdcf, 0xec5, 0xfcc, 0x0cc, 0x1c5, 0x2cf, 0x3c6, 0x4ca, 0x5c3, 0x6c9, 0x7c0,
0x950, 0x859, 0xb53, 0xa5a, 0xd56, 0xc5f, 0xf55, 0xe5c, 0x15c, 0x055, 0x35f, 0x256, 0x55a, 0x453, 0x759, 0x650,
0xaf0, 0xbf9, 0x8f3, 0x9fa, 0xef6, 0xfff, 0xcf5, 0xdfc, 0x2fc, 0x3f5, 0x0ff, 0x1f6, 0x6fa, 0x7f3, 0x4f9, 0x5f0,
0xb60, 0xa69, 0x963, 0x86a, 0xf66, 0xe6f, 0xd65, 0xc6c, 0x36c, 0x265, 0x16f, 0x066, 0x76a, 0x663, 0x569, 0x460,
0xca0, 0xda9, 0xea3, 0xfaa, 0x8a6, 0x9af, 0xaa5, 0xbac, 0x4ac, 0x5a5, 0x6af, 0x7a6, 0x0aa, 0x1a3, 0x2a9, 0x3a0,
0xd30, 0xc39, 0xf33, 0xe3a, 0x936, 0x83f, 0xb35, 0xa3c, 0x53c, 0x435, 0x73f, 0x636, 0x13a, 0x033, 0x339, 0x230,
0xe90, 0xf99, 0xc93, 0xd9a, 0xa96, 0xb9f, 0x895, 0x99c, 0x69c, 0x795, 0x49f, 0x596, 0x29a, 0x393, 0x099, 0x190,
0xf00, 0xe09, 0xd03, 0xc0a, 0xb06, 0xa0f, 0x905, 0x80c, 0x70c, 0x605, 0x50f, 0x406, 0x30a, 0x203, 0x109, 0x000
};
// For each of the possible vertex states listed in aiCubeEdgeFlags there is a specific triangulation
// of the edge intersection points. a2iTriangleConnectionTable lists all of them in the form of
// 0-5 edge triples with the list terminated by the invalid value -1.
// For example: a2iTriangleConnectionTable[3] list the 2 triangles formed when corner[0]
// and corner[1] are inside of the surface, but the rest of the cube is not.
//
// I found this table in an example program someone wrote long ago. It was probably generated by hand
GLint a2iTriangleConnectionTable[256][16] =
{
{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 8, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 1, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 8, 3, 9, 8, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 2, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 8, 3, 1, 2, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 2, 10, 0, 2, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 8, 3, 2, 10, 8, 10, 9, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 11, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 11, 2, 8, 11, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 9, 0, 2, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 11, 2, 1, 9, 11, 9, 8, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 10, 1, 11, 10, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 10, 1, 0, 8, 10, 8, 11, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 9, 0, 3, 11, 9, 11, 10, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 8, 10, 10, 8, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 7, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 3, 0, 7, 3, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 1, 9, 8, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 1, 9, 4, 7, 1, 7, 3, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 2, 10, 8, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 4, 7, 3, 0, 4, 1, 2, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 2, 10, 9, 0, 2, 8, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 10, 9, 2, 9, 7, 2, 7, 3, 7, 9, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 4, 7, 3, 11, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{11, 4, 7, 11, 2, 4, 2, 0, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 0, 1, 8, 4, 7, 2, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 7, 11, 9, 4, 11, 9, 11, 2, 9, 2, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 10, 1, 3, 11, 10, 7, 8, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 11, 10, 1, 4, 11, 1, 0, 4, 7, 11, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 7, 8, 9, 0, 11, 9, 11, 10, 11, 0, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 7, 11, 4, 11, 9, 9, 11, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 5, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 5, 4, 0, 8, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 5, 4, 1, 5, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 5, 4, 8, 3, 5, 3, 1, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 2, 10, 9, 5, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 0, 8, 1, 2, 10, 4, 9, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 2, 10, 5, 4, 2, 4, 0, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 10, 5, 3, 2, 5, 3, 5, 4, 3, 4, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 5, 4, 2, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 11, 2, 0, 8, 11, 4, 9, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 5, 4, 0, 1, 5, 2, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 1, 5, 2, 5, 8, 2, 8, 11, 4, 8, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 3, 11, 10, 1, 3, 9, 5, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 9, 5, 0, 8, 1, 8, 10, 1, 8, 11, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 4, 0, 5, 0, 11, 5, 11, 10, 11, 0, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 4, 8, 5, 8, 10, 10, 8, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 7, 8, 5, 7, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 3, 0, 9, 5, 3, 5, 7, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 7, 8, 0, 1, 7, 1, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 5, 3, 3, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 7, 8, 9, 5, 7, 10, 1, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 1, 2, 9, 5, 0, 5, 3, 0, 5, 7, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 0, 2, 8, 2, 5, 8, 5, 7, 10, 5, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 10, 5, 2, 5, 3, 3, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{7, 9, 5, 7, 8, 9, 3, 11, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 5, 7, 9, 7, 2, 9, 2, 0, 2, 7, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 3, 11, 0, 1, 8, 1, 7, 8, 1, 5, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{11, 2, 1, 11, 1, 7, 7, 1, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 5, 8, 8, 5, 7, 10, 1, 3, 10, 3, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 7, 0, 5, 0, 9, 7, 11, 0, 1, 0, 10, 11, 10, 0, -1},
{11, 10, 0, 11, 0, 3, 10, 5, 0, 8, 0, 7, 5, 7, 0, -1},
{11, 10, 5, 7, 11, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 6, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 8, 3, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 0, 1, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 8, 3, 1, 9, 8, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 6, 5, 2, 6, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 6, 5, 1, 2, 6, 3, 0, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 6, 5, 9, 0, 6, 0, 2, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 9, 8, 5, 8, 2, 5, 2, 6, 3, 2, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 3, 11, 10, 6, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{11, 0, 8, 11, 2, 0, 10, 6, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 1, 9, 2, 3, 11, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 10, 6, 1, 9, 2, 9, 11, 2, 9, 8, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{6, 3, 11, 6, 5, 3, 5, 1, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 8, 11, 0, 11, 5, 0, 5, 1, 5, 11, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 11, 6, 0, 3, 6, 0, 6, 5, 0, 5, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{6, 5, 9, 6, 9, 11, 11, 9, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 10, 6, 4, 7, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 3, 0, 4, 7, 3, 6, 5, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 9, 0, 5, 10, 6, 8, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 6, 5, 1, 9, 7, 1, 7, 3, 7, 9, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{6, 1, 2, 6, 5, 1, 4, 7, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 2, 5, 5, 2, 6, 3, 0, 4, 3, 4, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 4, 7, 9, 0, 5, 0, 6, 5, 0, 2, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{7, 3, 9, 7, 9, 4, 3, 2, 9, 5, 9, 6, 2, 6, 9, -1},
{3, 11, 2, 7, 8, 4, 10, 6, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 10, 6, 4, 7, 2, 4, 2, 0, 2, 7, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 1, 9, 4, 7, 8, 2, 3, 11, 5, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 2, 1, 9, 11, 2, 9, 4, 11, 7, 11, 4, 5, 10, 6, -1},
{8, 4, 7, 3, 11, 5, 3, 5, 1, 5, 11, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 1, 11, 5, 11, 6, 1, 0, 11, 7, 11, 4, 0, 4, 11, -1},
{0, 5, 9, 0, 6, 5, 0, 3, 6, 11, 6, 3, 8, 4, 7, -1},
{6, 5, 9, 6, 9, 11, 4, 7, 9, 7, 11, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 4, 9, 6, 4, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 10, 6, 4, 9, 10, 0, 8, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 0, 1, 10, 6, 0, 6, 4, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 3, 1, 8, 1, 6, 8, 6, 4, 6, 1, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 4, 9, 1, 2, 4, 2, 6, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 0, 8, 1, 2, 9, 2, 4, 9, 2, 6, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 2, 4, 4, 2, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 3, 2, 8, 2, 4, 4, 2, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 4, 9, 10, 6, 4, 11, 2, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 8, 2, 2, 8, 11, 4, 9, 10, 4, 10, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 11, 2, 0, 1, 6, 0, 6, 4, 6, 1, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{6, 4, 1, 6, 1, 10, 4, 8, 1, 2, 1, 11, 8, 11, 1, -1},
{9, 6, 4, 9, 3, 6, 9, 1, 3, 11, 6, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 11, 1, 8, 1, 0, 11, 6, 1, 9, 1, 4, 6, 4, 1, -1},
{3, 11, 6, 3, 6, 0, 0, 6, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{6, 4, 8, 11, 6, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{7, 10, 6, 7, 8, 10, 8, 9, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 7, 3, 0, 10, 7, 0, 9, 10, 6, 7, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 6, 7, 1, 10, 7, 1, 7, 8, 1, 8, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 6, 7, 10, 7, 1, 1, 7, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 2, 6, 1, 6, 8, 1, 8, 9, 8, 6, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 6, 9, 2, 9, 1, 6, 7, 9, 0, 9, 3, 7, 3, 9, -1},
{7, 8, 0, 7, 0, 6, 6, 0, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{7, 3, 2, 6, 7, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 3, 11, 10, 6, 8, 10, 8, 9, 8, 6, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 0, 7, 2, 7, 11, 0, 9, 7, 6, 7, 10, 9, 10, 7, -1},
{1, 8, 0, 1, 7, 8, 1, 10, 7, 6, 7, 10, 2, 3, 11, -1},
{11, 2, 1, 11, 1, 7, 10, 6, 1, 6, 7, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 9, 6, 8, 6, 7, 9, 1, 6, 11, 6, 3, 1, 3, 6, -1},
{0, 9, 1, 11, 6, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{7, 8, 0, 7, 0, 6, 3, 11, 0, 11, 6, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{7, 11, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{7, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 0, 8, 11, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 1, 9, 11, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 1, 9, 8, 3, 1, 11, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 1, 2, 6, 11, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 2, 10, 3, 0, 8, 6, 11, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 9, 0, 2, 10, 9, 6, 11, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{6, 11, 7, 2, 10, 3, 10, 8, 3, 10, 9, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{7, 2, 3, 6, 2, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{7, 0, 8, 7, 6, 0, 6, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 7, 6, 2, 3, 7, 0, 1, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 6, 2, 1, 8, 6, 1, 9, 8, 8, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 7, 6, 10, 1, 7, 1, 3, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 7, 6, 1, 7, 10, 1, 8, 7, 1, 0, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 3, 7, 0, 7, 10, 0, 10, 9, 6, 10, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{7, 6, 10, 7, 10, 8, 8, 10, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{6, 8, 4, 11, 8, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 6, 11, 3, 0, 6, 0, 4, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 6, 11, 8, 4, 6, 9, 0, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 4, 6, 9, 6, 3, 9, 3, 1, 11, 3, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{6, 8, 4, 6, 11, 8, 2, 10, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 2, 10, 3, 0, 11, 0, 6, 11, 0, 4, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 11, 8, 4, 6, 11, 0, 2, 9, 2, 10, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 9, 3, 10, 3, 2, 9, 4, 3, 11, 3, 6, 4, 6, 3, -1},
{8, 2, 3, 8, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 9, 0, 2, 3, 4, 2, 4, 6, 4, 3, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 9, 4, 1, 4, 2, 2, 4, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 1, 3, 8, 6, 1, 8, 4, 6, 6, 10, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 1, 0, 10, 0, 6, 6, 0, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 6, 3, 4, 3, 8, 6, 10, 3, 0, 3, 9, 10, 9, 3, -1},
{10, 9, 4, 6, 10, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 9, 5, 7, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 8, 3, 4, 9, 5, 11, 7, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 0, 1, 5, 4, 0, 7, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{11, 7, 6, 8, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 1, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 5, 4, 10, 1, 2, 7, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{6, 11, 7, 1, 2, 10, 0, 8, 3, 4, 9, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{7, 6, 11, 5, 4, 10, 4, 2, 10, 4, 0, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 4, 8, 3, 5, 4, 3, 2, 5, 10, 5, 2, 11, 7, 6, -1},
{7, 2, 3, 7, 6, 2, 5, 4, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 5, 4, 0, 8, 6, 0, 6, 2, 6, 8, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 6, 2, 3, 7, 6, 1, 5, 0, 5, 4, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{6, 2, 8, 6, 8, 7, 2, 1, 8, 4, 8, 5, 1, 5, 8, -1},
{9, 5, 4, 10, 1, 6, 1, 7, 6, 1, 3, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 6, 10, 1, 7, 6, 1, 0, 7, 8, 7, 0, 9, 5, 4, -1},
{4, 0, 10, 4, 10, 5, 0, 3, 10, 6, 10, 7, 3, 7, 10, -1},
{7, 6, 10, 7, 10, 8, 5, 4, 10, 4, 8, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{6, 9, 5, 6, 11, 9, 11, 8, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 6, 11, 0, 6, 3, 0, 5, 6, 0, 9, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 11, 8, 0, 5, 11, 0, 1, 5, 5, 6, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{6, 11, 3, 6, 3, 5, 5, 3, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 2, 10, 9, 5, 11, 9, 11, 8, 11, 5, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 11, 3, 0, 6, 11, 0, 9, 6, 5, 6, 9, 1, 2, 10, -1},
{11, 8, 5, 11, 5, 6, 8, 0, 5, 10, 5, 2, 0, 2, 5, -1},
{6, 11, 3, 6, 3, 5, 2, 10, 3, 10, 5, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 8, 9, 5, 2, 8, 5, 6, 2, 3, 8, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 5, 6, 9, 6, 0, 0, 6, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 5, 8, 1, 8, 0, 5, 6, 8, 3, 8, 2, 6, 2, 8, -1},
{1, 5, 6, 2, 1, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 3, 6, 1, 6, 10, 3, 8, 6, 5, 6, 9, 8, 9, 6, -1},
{10, 1, 0, 10, 0, 6, 9, 5, 0, 5, 6, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 3, 8, 5, 6, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 5, 6, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{11, 5, 10, 7, 5, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{11, 5, 10, 11, 7, 5, 8, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 11, 7, 5, 10, 11, 1, 9, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 7, 5, 10, 11, 7, 9, 8, 1, 8, 3, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{11, 1, 2, 11, 7, 1, 7, 5, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 8, 3, 1, 2, 7, 1, 7, 5, 7, 2, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 7, 5, 9, 2, 7, 9, 0, 2, 2, 11, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{7, 5, 2, 7, 2, 11, 5, 9, 2, 3, 2, 8, 9, 8, 2, -1},
{2, 5, 10, 2, 3, 5, 3, 7, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 2, 0, 8, 5, 2, 8, 7, 5, 10, 2, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 0, 1, 5, 10, 3, 5, 3, 7, 3, 10, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 8, 2, 9, 2, 1, 8, 7, 2, 10, 2, 5, 7, 5, 2, -1},
{1, 3, 5, 3, 7, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 8, 7, 0, 7, 1, 1, 7, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 0, 3, 9, 3, 5, 5, 3, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 8, 7, 5, 9, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 8, 4, 5, 10, 8, 10, 11, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 0, 4, 5, 11, 0, 5, 10, 11, 11, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 1, 9, 8, 4, 10, 8, 10, 11, 10, 4, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{10, 11, 4, 10, 4, 5, 11, 3, 4, 9, 4, 1, 3, 1, 4, -1},
{2, 5, 1, 2, 8, 5, 2, 11, 8, 4, 5, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 4, 11, 0, 11, 3, 4, 5, 11, 2, 11, 1, 5, 1, 11, -1},
{0, 2, 5, 0, 5, 9, 2, 11, 5, 4, 5, 8, 11, 8, 5, -1},
{9, 4, 5, 2, 11, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 5, 10, 3, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 8, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{5, 10, 2, 5, 2, 4, 4, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 10, 2, 3, 5, 10, 3, 8, 5, 4, 5, 8, 0, 1, 9, -1},
{5, 10, 2, 5, 2, 4, 1, 9, 2, 9, 4, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 4, 5, 8, 5, 3, 3, 5, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 4, 5, 1, 0, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{8, 4, 5, 8, 5, 3, 9, 0, 5, 0, 3, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 4, 5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 11, 7, 4, 9, 11, 9, 10, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 8, 3, 4, 9, 7, 9, 11, 7, 9, 10, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 10, 11, 1, 11, 4, 1, 4, 0, 7, 4, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 8, 1, 10, 4, 7, 4, 11, 10, 11, 4, -1},
{4, 11, 7, 9, 11, 4, 9, 2, 11, 9, 1, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 7, 4, 9, 11, 7, 9, 1, 11, 2, 11, 1, 0, 8, 3, -1},
{11, 7, 4, 11, 4, 2, 2, 4, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{11, 7, 4, 11, 4, 2, 8, 3, 4, 3, 2, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 9, 10, 2, 7, 9, 2, 3, 7, 7, 4, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 10, 7, 9, 7, 4, 10, 2, 7, 8, 7, 0, 2, 0, 7, -1},
{3, 7, 10, 3, 10, 2, 7, 4, 10, 1, 10, 0, 4, 0, 10, -1},
{1, 10, 2, 8, 7, 4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 9, 1, 4, 1, 7, 7, 1, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 9, 1, 4, 1, 7, 0, 8, 1, 8, 7, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 0, 3, 7, 4, 3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{4, 8, 7, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 10, 8, 10, 11, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 0, 9, 3, 9, 11, 11, 9, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 1, 10, 0, 10, 8, 8, 10, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 1, 10, 11, 3, 10, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 2, 11, 1, 11, 9, 9, 11, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 0, 9, 3, 9, 11, 1, 2, 9, 2, 11, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 2, 11, 8, 0, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{3, 2, 11, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 3, 8, 2, 8, 10, 10, 8, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{9, 10, 2, 0, 9, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{2, 3, 8, 2, 8, 10, 0, 1, 8, 1, 10, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 10, 2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{1, 3, 8, 9, 1, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 9, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{0, 3, 8, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1},
{-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}
};親測運(yùn)行效果如下：
5.算法細(xì)節(jié)
這個算法有兩個主要組成部分。第一個是決定如何定義切割單個立方體的截面或表面截面。如果我們將每個角分類為低于或高于等值，就有256種可能的角分類構(gòu)型。其中兩個是無關(guān)緊要的;所有點(diǎn)都在立方體內(nèi)部或外部的位置對等值面沒有影響。對于所有其他構(gòu)型，我們需要確定在每個立方體邊緣上等值面相交的位置，并使用這些邊緣交點(diǎn)為等值面創(chuàng)建一個或多個三角形塊。
如果考慮對稱性，在剩下的254種可能中，實(shí)際上只有14種構(gòu)型是唯一的。當(dāng)只有一個角小于等值時，這就形成了一個三角形，它與在這個角上相交的邊緣相交，而補(bǔ)丁法線朝向這個角。顯然，這種類型有8個相關(guān)配置(例如，配置2 -你可能需要調(diào)整colormap來查看球體/像素之間的平面)。通過反轉(zhuǎn)法線，我們得到8種構(gòu)型它們有7個角比等值小。然而，我們并不認(rèn)為這些是獨(dú)一無二的。對于兩個角小于等值的構(gòu)型，有3種獨(dú)特的構(gòu)型(例如，構(gòu)型12)，這取決于這些角是否屬于同一條邊，屬于立方體的同一面，或相對于彼此的對角位置。對于3個角小于等值的構(gòu)型，也有3個獨(dú)特的構(gòu)型(例如構(gòu)型14)，這取決于是否有0、1或2個共享邊(2個共享邊會給你一個L形)。有7獨(dú)特配置有4個角小于等值時,根據(jù)是否有0,2、3(3變體在這一點(diǎn)),或4共享邊緣(例如配置30 -你可能需要調(diào)整顏色看到孤立(遠(yuǎn))范圍內(nèi)的三角形/像素)。
每一種非平凡構(gòu)型都會導(dǎo)致1到4個三角形被添加到等值面上。實(shí)際的頂點(diǎn)本身可以通過沿邊的插值來計算，或者默認(rèn)它們的位置在邊的中間。插值位置顯然會給你更好的陰影計算和更平滑的表面。
現(xiàn)在我們可以為單個體素創(chuàng)建表面補(bǔ)丁，我們可以將這個過程應(yīng)用到整個體素。我們可以在板中處理體積，其中每個板由2個像素片組成。我們可以獨(dú)立對待每個立方體，或者我們可以傳播共享邊的立方體之間的邊相交。這種共享也可以在相鄰的板之間完成，這增加了一些存儲和復(fù)雜性，但節(jié)省了計算時間。邊緣/頂點(diǎn)信息的共享也導(dǎo)致了一個更緊湊的模型，一個更易于插值著色。
6.總結(jié)
Marching Cubes是一種用于繪制立體數(shù)據(jù)中等值面的算法。基本概念是，我們可以通過立方體8個角的像素值來定義體素(立方體)。如果一個立方體中的一個或多個像素的值小于用戶指定的等值，并且一個或多個像素的值大于這個值，我們知道體素必須貢獻(xiàn)等值面的某個分量。通過確定立方體的哪些邊與等值面相交，我們可以創(chuàng)建三角形塊，將立方體劃分為等值面內(nèi)部區(qū)域和外部區(qū)域。通過連接等值面邊界上所有立方體的小塊，我們得到了一個表面表示法。
到此這篇關(guān)于C++實(shí)現(xiàn)移動立方體示例講解的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)C++移動立方體內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！
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