//返回一個 state，以及更新 state 的函數(shù) setState(接收一個新的 state 值并將組件的一次重新渲染加入隊列)
const [state, setState] = useState(initialState);

//如果新的 state 需要通過使用先前的 state 計算得出，那么可以將函數(shù)傳遞給 setState。該函數(shù)將接收先前的 state，并返回一個更新后的值。
function Counter({initialCount}) {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(initialCount);
  return (
    <>
      Count: {count}      <button onClick={() => setCount(initialCount)}>Reset</button>
      <button onClick={() => setCount(prevCount => prevCount - 1)}>-</button>
      <button onClick={() => setCount(prevCount => prevCount + 1)}>+</button>
    </>
  );
}

//如果初始 state 需要通過復雜計算獲得，則可以傳入一個函數(shù)，在函數(shù)中計算并返回初始的 state，此函數(shù)只在初始渲染時被調(diào)用
const [state, setState] = useState(() => {
  const initialState = someExpensiveComputation(props);
  return initialState;
});

import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

function Example() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

  // 類似于componentDidMount 和 componentDidUpdate:
  useEffect(() => {
    // 更新文檔的標題
    document.title = `You clicked ${count} times`;
  });

  return (
    <div>
      <p>You clicked {count} times</p>
      <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>        Click me      </button>
    </div>
  );
}

useEffect(() => {
  const subscription = props.source.subscribe();
  return () => {
    // 清除訂閱
    subscription.unsubscribe();
  };
});

//此時，只有當 props.source 改變后才會重新創(chuàng)建訂閱。(要實現(xiàn)componentDidMount功能只需要設置第二個參數(shù)為[]即可)
useEffect(
  () => {
    const subscription = props.source.subscribe();
    return () => {
      subscription.unsubscribe();
    };
  },
  [props.source],
);

const themes = {
  light: {
    foreground: "#000000",
    background: "#eeeeee"
  },
  dark: {
    foreground: "#ffffff",
    background: "#222222"
  }
};

const ThemeContext = React.createContext(themes.light);

function App() {
  return (
    <ThemeContext.Provider value={themes.dark}>
      <Toolbar />
    </ThemeContext.Provider>
  );
}

function Toolbar(props) {
  return (
    <div>
      <ThemedButton />
    </div>
  );
}

function ThemedButton() {
  const theme = useContext(ThemeContext);
  return (
    <button style={{ background: theme.background, color: theme.foreground }}>
      I am styled by theme context!    </button>
  );
}

//nst [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialArg, init);
 const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(
    reducer,
    {count: initialCount}
 );

const initialState = {count: 0};

function reducer(state, action) {
  switch (action.type) {
    case 'increment':
      return {count: state.count + 1};
    case 'decrement':
      return {count: state.count - 1};
    default:
      throw new Error();
  }
}

function Counter() {
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState);
  return (
    <>
      Count: {state.count}      <button onClick={() => dispatch({type: 'decrement'})}>-</button>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({type: 'increment'})}>+</button>
    </>
  );
}

function init(initialCount) {
  return {count: initialCount};
}

function reducer(state, action) {
  switch (action.type) {
    case 'increment':
      return {count: state.count + 1};
    case 'decrement':
      return {count: state.count - 1};
    case 'reset':
      return init(action.payload);
    default:
      throw new Error();
  }
}

function Counter({initialCount}) {
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialCount, init);
  return (
    <>
      Count: {state.count}      <button
        onClick={() => dispatch({type: 'reset', payload: initialCount})}>        Reset      </button>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({type: 'decrement'})}>-</button>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({type: 'increment'})}>+</button>
    </>
  );
}

const memoizedValue = useMemo(() => computeExpensiveValue(a, b), [a, b]); 

const memoizedCallback = useCallback(
  () => {
    doSomething(a, b);
  },
  [a, b],
);

const Hook =()=>{
    const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
    const btnRef = useRef(null)

    useEffect(() => {
        console.log('use effect...')
        const onClick = ()=>{
            setCount(count+1)
        }
        btnRef.current.addEventListener('click',onClick, false)
        return ()=> btnRef.current.removeEventListener('click',onClick, false)
    },[count])

    return(
        <div>
            <div>
                {count}            </div>
            <button ref={btnRef}>click me </button>
        </div>
    )
}

useImperativeHandle(ref, createHandle, [deps])

function FancyInput(props, ref) {
  const inputRef = useRef();
  useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
    focus: () => {
      inputRef.current.focus();
    }
  }));
  return <input ref={inputRef} ... />;
}
FancyInput = forwardRef(FancyInput);

import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

function useFriendStatus(friendID) {
  const [isOnline, setIsOnline] = useState(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    function handleStatusChange(status) {
      setIsOnline(status.isOnline);
    }

    ChatAPI.subscribeToFriendStatus(friendID, handleStatusChange);
    return () => {
      ChatAPI.unsubscribeFromFriendStatus(friendID, handleStatusChange);
    };
  });

  return isOnline;
}

import {useEffect, useState} from "react";

export const useWindowSize = () => {
    const [width, setWidth] = useState()
    const [height, setHeight] = useState()

    useEffect(() => {
        const {clientWidth, clientHeight} = document.documentElement
        setWidth(clientWidth)
        setHeight(clientHeight)
    }, [])

    useEffect(() => {
        const handleWindowSize = () =>{
            const {clientWidth, clientHeight} = document.documentElement
            setWidth(clientWidth)
            setHeight(clientHeight)
        };

        window.addEventListener('resize', handleWindowSize, false)

        return () => {
            window.removeEventListener('resize',handleWindowSize, false)
        }
    })

    return [width, height]
}

const [width, height] = useWindowSize()
const isOnline = useFriendStatus(id);