let str: string = 'abc';
str = 'def'; // no errors, string type can have any value

let str: 'abc' = 'abc';
str = 'def'; // Type '"def"' is not assignable to type '"abc"'.

function eatSomething(food: 'sushi' | 'ramen') {}
eatSomething('sushi');
eatSomething('ramen');
eatSomething('pencil'); // Argument of type '"pencil"' is not assignable to parameter of type '"sushi" | "ramen"'.

let food: Array<'sushi' | 'ramen'> = ['sushi'];
food.push('pencil'); // Argument of type '"pencil"' is not assignable to parameter of type '"sushi" | "ramen"'.

let object: { food: 'sushi' | 'ramen' };
object = { food: 'sushi' };
object = { food: 'pencil' }; // Type '"pencil"' is not assignable to type '"sushi" | "ramen"'.

const a = 'a';
const b = 'b';

// In JavaScript, you can build a new string
// with template literals
const c = `${a} $`; // 'a b'

type A = 'a';
type B = 'b';

// In TypeScript, you can build a new string literal type
// with template literals too!

type C = `${A} ${B}`; // 'a b'

type Collection<X> = X extends 'arr' ? number[] : Set<number>;

type A = Collection<'arr'>; // number[]

// If you pass in something other than 'arr'
type B = Collection<'foo'>; // Set<number>

// Here you are testing whether X extends `() => ???`
// and let TypeScript to infer the `???` part
// TypeScript will define a new type called
// `Value` for the inferred type
type GetReturnValue<X> = X extends () => infer Value ? Value : never;

// Here we inferred that `Value` is type `string`
type A = GetReturnValue<() => string>;

// Here we inferred that `Value` is type `number`
type B = GetReturnValue<() => number>;

function firstElement(arr) {
    return arr[0];
}
const string = firstElement(['a', 'b', 'c']);
const number = firstElement([1, 2, 3]);

// return string when passed string[]
function firstElement(arr: string[]): string;
// return number when passed number[]
function firstElement(arr: number[]): number;
// then the actual implementation
function firstElement(arr) {
    return arr[0];
}

const string = firstElement(['a', 'b', 'c']);

// Define type parameter `Item` and describe argument and return type in terms of `Item`
function firstElement<Item>(arr: Item[]): Item | undefined {
    return arr[0];
}

// `Item` can only be of `string` or `number`
function firstElement<Item extends string | number>(arr: Item[]): Item | undefined {
    return arr[0];
}

const number = firstElement([1, 3, 5]);
const obj = firstElement([{ a: 1 }]); // Type '{ a: number; }' is not assignable to type 'string | number'.

function get<Path extends string>(path: Path, callback: CallbackFn<Path>): void {
	// impplementation
}

get('/docs/[chapter]/[section]/args/[...args]', (req) => {
	const { params } = req;
});

type Path = '/purchase/[shopid]/[itemid]/args/[...args]';

type Parts<Path> = 'purchase' | '[shopid]' | '[itemid]' | 'args' | '[...args]';

type FilteredParts<Path> = '[shopid]' | '[itemid]' | '[...args]';

type FilteredParts<Path> = 'shopid' | 'itemid' | '...args';

type Params<Path> = {
	shopid: any;
	itemid: any;
	'...args': any;
};

type Params<Path> = {
	shopid: number;
	itemid: number;
	'...args': string[];
};

type Params<Path> = {
	shopid: number;
	itemid: number;
	args: string[];
};

type CallbackFn<Path> = (req: { params: Params<Path> }) => void;

type Parts<Path> = Path extends `a/b` ? 'a' | 'b' : never;
type AB = Parts<'a/b'>; // type AB = "a" | "b"

type CD = Parts<'c/d'>;
type EF = Parts<'e/f'>;

type Parts<Path> = Path extends `${infer PartA}/${infer PartB}` ? PartA | PartB : never;
type AB = Parts<'a/b'>; // type AB = "a" | "b"
type CD = Parts<'c/d'>; // type CD = "c" | "d"
type EFGH = Parts<'ef/gh'>; // type EFGH = "ef" | "gh"

type Parts<Path> = Path extends `${infer PartA}/${infer PartB}` ? PartA | PartB : Path;

type A = Parts<'a'>; // type A = "a"

type ABCD = Parts<'a/b/c/d'>; // type ABCD = "a" | "b/c/d"

type Parts<Path> = Path extends `${infer PartA}/${infer PartB}` ? PartA | Parts<PartB> : Path;
type ABCD = Parts<'a/b/c/d'>; // type ABCD = "a" | "b" | "c" | "d"

type Parts<'a/b/c/d'> = 'a' | Parts<'b/c/d'>;
type Parts<'a/b/c/d'> = 'a' | 'b' | Parts<'c/d'>;
type Parts<'a/b/c/d'> = 'a' | 'b' | 'c' | Parts<'d'>;
type Parts<'a/b/c/d'> = 'a' | 'b' | 'c' | 'd';

type A = 'a' | never; // type A = "a"

type Obj = { a: 1 } | never; // type Obj = { a: 1; }

'purchase' | '[shopid]' | '[itemid]' | 'args' | '[...args]'

never | '[shopid]' | '[itemid]' | never | '[...args]'

'[shopid]' | '[itemid]' | '[...args]'

type IsParameter<Part> = Part extends `[${infer Anything}]` ? Part : never;
type Purchase = IsParameter<'purchase'>; // type Purchase = never
type ShopId = IsParameter<'[shopid]'>; // type ShopId = "[shopid]"

type IsParameter<Part> = Part extends `[${infer Anything}]` ? Part : never;
type FilteredParts<Path> = Path extends `${infer PartA}/${infer PartB}` ? IsParameter<PartA> | FilteredParts<PartB> : IsParameter<Path>;
type Params = FilteredParts<'/purchase/[shopid]/[itemid]/args/[...args]'>; // type Params = "[shopid]" | "[itemid]" | "[...args]"

type IsParameter<Part> = Part extends `[${infer ParamName}]` ? ParamName : never;
type FilteredParts<Path> = Path extends `${infer PartA}/${infer PartB}` ? IsParameter<PartA> | FilteredParts<PartB> : IsParameter<Path>;
type ParamsWithoutBracket = FilteredParts<'/purchase/[shopid]/[itemid]/args/[...args]'>;

type Params<Keys extends string> = {
    [Key in Keys]: any;
};

const params: Params<'shopid' | 'itemid' | '...args'> = {
    shopid: 2,
    itemid: 3,
    '...args': 4,
};

type IsParameter<Part> = Part extends `[${infer ParamName}]` ? ParamName : never;
type FilteredParts<Path> = Path extends `${infer PartA}/${infer PartB}` ? IsParameter<PartA> | FilteredParts<PartB> : IsParameter<Path>;
type Params<Path> = {
    [Key in FilteredParts<Path>]: any;
};
type ParamObject = Params<'/purchase/[shopid]/[itemid]/args/[...args]'>;

type IsParameter<Part> = Part extends `[${infer ParamName}]` ? ParamName : never;
type FilteredParts<Path> = Path extends `${infer PartA}/${infer PartB}` ? IsParameter<PartA> | FilteredParts<PartB> : IsParameter<Path>;
type ParamValue<Key> = Key extends `...${infer Anything}` ? string[] : number;
type RemovePrefixDots<Key> = Key extends `...${infer Name}` ? Name : Key;
type Params<Path> = {
    [Key in FilteredParts<Path> as RemovePrefixDots<Key>]: ParamValue<Key>;
};
type CallbackFn<Path> = (req: { params: Params<Path> }) => void;
function get<Path extends string>(path: Path, callback: CallbackFn<Path>) {
    // TODO: implement
}