python爬取B站關(guān)注列表及數(shù)據(jù)庫的設(shè)計與操作

更新時間：2022年05月18日 15:24:59 作者：concyclics

這篇文章主要為大家介紹了python爬取B站關(guān)注列表及數(shù)據(jù)庫的設(shè)計與操作，有需要的朋友可以借鑒參考下，希望能夠有所幫助，祝大家多多進(jìn)步，早日升職加薪

一、數(shù)據(jù)庫的設(shè)計與操作

1、數(shù)據(jù)的分析

B站的關(guān)注列表在

https://api.bilibili.com/x/relation/followings?vmid=UID&pn=1&ps=50&order=desc&order_type=attention

中，一頁最多50條信息。

我們大致分析一下信息，

{
	"code": 0,
	"message": "0",
	"ttl": 1,
	"data": {
		"list": [{……

首先，列表內(nèi)容存在data:list里。

其次，對于列表中每一項，有如下信息

			"mid": 672353429,
			"attribute": 2,
			"mtime": 1630510107,
			"tag": null,
			"special": 0,
			"contract_info": {
				"is_contractor": false,
				"ts": 0,
				"is_contract": false,
				"user_attr": 0
			},
			"uname": "貝拉kira",
			"face": "http://i2.hdslb.com/bfs/face/668af440f8a8065743d3fa79cfa8f017905d0065.jpg",
			"sign": "元氣滿滿的A-SOUL舞擔(dān)參上~目標(biāo)TOP IDOL，一起加油！",
			"official_verify": {
				"type": 0,
				"desc": "虛擬偶像團(tuán)體A-SOUL 所屬藝人"
			},
			"vip": {
				"vipType": 2,
				"vipDueDate": 1674576000000,
				"dueRemark": "",
				"accessStatus": 0,
				"vipStatus": 1,
				"vipStatusWarn": "",
				"themeType": 0,
				"label": {
					"path": "",
					"text": "年度大會員",
					"label_theme": "annual_vip",
					"text_color": "#FFFFFF",
					"bg_style": 1,
					"bg_color": "#FB7299",
					"border_color": ""
				},
				"avatar_subscript": 1,
				"nickname_color": "#FB7299",
				"avatar_subscript_url": "http://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/vip/icon_Certification_big_member_22_3x.png"
			}

其中，mid為用戶獨一無二的UID，vipType，0是什么都沒開，1是大會員，2是年度大會員，official_verify中，type 0代表官方認(rèn)證，-1代表沒有官方認(rèn)證。

同時我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果對方鎖了列表，會返回

{"code":-400,"message":"請求錯誤","ttl":1}

2、數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計

基于這些，我們先設(shè)計數(shù)據(jù)庫，包含兩張表，用戶信息的基本屬性表和關(guān)注的關(guān)系表。

def createDB():
    link=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')
    print("database open success")
    UserTableDDL='''
                create table if not exists user(
                UID int PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,
                NAME varchar            NOT NULL,
                SIGN varchar            DEFAULT NULL,
                vipType int             NOT NULL,
                verifyType int          NOT NULL,
                verifyDesc varchar      DEFAULT NULL)
                '''
    RelationTableDDL='''
                create table if not exists relation(
                follower int           NOT NULL,
                following int          NOT NULL,
                followTime int         NOT NULL,
                PRIMARY KEY (follower,following),
                FOREIGN KEY(follower,following) REFERENCES user(UID,UID)
                )
                '''
    # create user table
    link.execute(UserTableDDL)
    # create relation table
    link.execute(RelationTableDDL)
    print("database create success")
    link.commit()
    link.close()

3、數(shù)據(jù)庫操作

其次是插入新用戶的列表，我的思路是爬完一個人的關(guān)注列表，把一整個list丟給該函數(shù)，判斷是否存在新增用戶，存在則把新增用戶傳回，作為下一次爬蟲的起點。

def insertUser(infos):
    conn=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')
    link=conn.cursor()
    InsertCmd="insert into user (UID,NAME,vipType,verifyType,sign,verifyDesc) values (?,?,?,?,?,?);"
    ExistCmd="select count(UID) from user where UID='%d';"# % UID
    newID=[]
    for info in infos:
        answer=link.execute(ExistCmd%info['uid'])
        for row in answer:
            exist_ID=row[0]
        if exist_ID==0:
            newID.append(info['uid'])
            link.execute(InsertCmd,(info['uid'],info['name'],info['vipType'],info['verifyType'],info['sign'],info['verifyDesc']))
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()
    return newID

然后是插入關(guān)系的函數(shù)，這個比較簡單

def insertFollowing(uid:int,subscribe):
    conn=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')
    link=conn.cursor()
    InsertCmd="insert into relation (follower,following,followTime) values (?,?,?);"
    for follow in subscribe:
        link.execute(InsertCmd,(uid,follow[0],follow[1]))
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()

二、爬蟲

通過觀察，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)睿叔叔鎖了5頁的關(guān)注列表

即使是人工操作也只能訪問5頁，那沒辦法啦，我們就爬5頁吧。

def getFollowingList(uid:int):
    url="https://api.bilibili.com/x/relation/followings?vmid=%d&pn=%d&ps=50&order=desc&order_type=attention&jsonp=jsonp"# % (UID, Page Number)
    infos=[]
    subscribe=[]
    for i in range(1,6):
        html=requests.get(url%(uid,i))
        if html.status_code!=200:
            print("GET ERROR!")
        text=html.text
        dic=json.loads(text)
        if dic['code']==-400:
            break
        list=dic['data']['list']
        for usr in list:
            info={}
            info['uid']=usr['mid']
            info['name']=usr['uname']
            info['vipType']=usr['vip']['vipType']
            info['verifyType']=usr['official_verify']['type']
            info['sign']=usr['sign']
            if info['verifyType']==-1:
                info['verifyDesc']='NULL'
            else :
                info['verifyDesc']=usr['official_verify']['desc']
            subscribe.append((usr['mid'],usr['mtime']))
            infos.append(info)
    newID=insertUser(infos)
    insertFollowing(uid,subscribe)
    return newID

三、完整代碼

#by concyclics
# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-
import sqlite3
import json
import requests
def createDB():
    link=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')
    print("database open success")
    UserTableDDL='''
                create table if not exists user(
                UID int PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,
                NAME varchar            NOT NULL,
                SIGN varchar            DEFAULT NULL,
                vipType int             NOT NULL,
                verifyType int          NOT NULL,
                verifyDesc varchar      DEFAULT NULL)
                '''
    RelationTableDDL='''
                create table if not exists relation(
                follower int           NOT NULL,
                following int          NOT NULL,
                followTime int         NOT NULL,
                PRIMARY KEY (follower,following),
                FOREIGN KEY(follower,following) REFERENCES user(UID,UID)
                )
                '''
    # create user table
    link.execute(UserTableDDL)
    # create relation table
    link.execute(RelationTableDDL)
    print("database create success")
    link.commit()
    link.close()
def insertUser(infos):
    conn=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')
    link=conn.cursor()
    InsertCmd="insert into user (UID,NAME,vipType,verifyType,sign,verifyDesc) values (?,?,?,?,?,?);"
    ExistCmd="select count(UID) from user where UID='%d';"# % UID
    newID=[]
    for info in infos:
        answer=link.execute(ExistCmd%info['uid'])
        for row in answer:
            exist_ID=row[0]
        if exist_ID==0:
            newID.append(info['uid'])
            link.execute(InsertCmd,(info['uid'],info['name'],info['vipType'],info['verifyType'],info['sign'],info['verifyDesc']))
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()
    return newID
def insertFollowing(uid:int,subscribe):
    conn=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')
    link=conn.cursor()
    InsertCmd="insert into relation (follower,following,followTime) values (?,?,?);"
    for follow in subscribe:
        try:
            link.execute(InsertCmd,(uid,follow[0],follow[1]))
        except:
            print((uid,follow[0],follow[1]))
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()
def getFollowingList(uid:int):
    url="https://api.bilibili.com/x/relation/followings?vmid=%d&pn=%d&ps=50&order=desc&order_type=attention&jsonp=jsonp"# % (UID, Page Number)
    infos=[]
    subscribe=[]
    for i in range(1,6):
        html=requests.get(url%(uid,i))
        if html.status_code!=200:
            print("GET ERROR!")
            return []
        text=html.text
        dic=json.loads(text)
        if dic['code']==-400:
            return []
        try:
            list=dic['data']['list']
        except:
            return []
        for usr in list:
            info={}
            info['uid']=usr['mid']
            info['name']=usr['uname']
            info['vipType']=usr['vip']['vipType']
            info['verifyType']=usr['official_verify']['type']
            info['sign']=usr['sign']
            if info['verifyType']==-1:
                info['verifyDesc']='NULL'
            else :
                info['verifyDesc']=usr['official_verify']['desc']
            subscribe.append((usr['mid'],usr['mtime']))
            infos.append(info)
    newID=insertUser(infos)
    insertFollowing(uid,subscribe)
    return newID
def getFollowingUid(uid:int):
    url="https://api.bilibili.com/x/relation/followings?vmid=%d&pn=%d&ps=50&order=desc&order_type=attention&jsonp=jsonp"# % (UID, Page Number)
    for i in range(1,6):
        html=requests.get(url%(uid,i))
        if html.status_code!=200:
            print("GET ERROR!")
            return []
        text=html.text
        dic=json.loads(text)
        if dic['code']==-400:
            return []
        try:
            list=dic['data']['list']
        except:
            return []
        IDs=[]
        for usr in list:
            IDs.append(usr['mid'])
        return IDs
def work(root):
    IDlist=root
    tmplist=[]
    while len(IDlist)!=0:
        tmplist=[]
        for ID in IDlist:
            print(ID)
            tmplist+=getFollowingList(ID)
        IDlist=tmplist
def rework():
    conn=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')
    link=conn.cursor()
    SelectCmd="select uid from user;"
    answer=link.execute(SelectCmd)
    IDs=[]
    for row in answer:
        IDs.append(row[0])
    conn.commit()
    conn.close()
    newID=[]
    print(IDs)
    for ID in IDs:
        ids=getFollowingUid(ID)
        for id in ids:
            if id not in IDs:
                newID.append(id)
    return newID
if __name__=="__main__":
    createDB()
    #work([**put root UID here**,])