基于Python實現(xiàn)炸彈人小游戲

更新時間：2021年12月15日 14:14:14 作者：楚_陽

這篇文章主要介紹了基于Python中的Pygame模塊實現(xiàn)的炸彈人小游戲，文中的示例代碼講解詳細，對學(xué)習(xí)Python有一定的幫助，感興趣的小伙伴可以學(xué)習(xí)一下

前言

今天用Python實現(xiàn)的是一個炸彈人小游戲，廢話不多說，讓我們愉快地開始吧~

效果展示

開發(fā)工具

Python版本： 3.6.4

相關(guān)模塊：

pygame模塊；

以及一些Python自帶的模塊。

環(huán)境搭建

安裝Python并添加到環(huán)境變量，pip安裝需要的相關(guān)模塊即可。

原理簡介

游戲規(guī)則：

玩家通過↑↓←→鍵控制角色zelda(綠色)行動，當玩家按下空格鍵時，則可以在當前位置放置炸彈。其他角色(dk和batman)則由電腦控制進行隨機行動。所有角色被炸彈產(chǎn)生的火焰灼燒時(包括自己放置的炸彈)，都將損失一定生命值；所有角色吃到水果時，均可恢復(fù)一定數(shù)值的生命值。另外，墻可以阻止炸彈產(chǎn)生的火焰進一步擴散。

當我方角色zelda生命值為0時，游戲失敗；當電腦方所有角色生命值為0時，游戲勝利，進入下一關(guān)。

逐步實現(xiàn)：

首先，我們來明確一下該游戲包含哪些游戲精靈類：

炸彈類
角色類
墻類
背景類
水果類

主要代碼

墻類和背景類很好定義，只需要可以導(dǎo)入圖片，然后把圖片綁定到指定位置就行了：

'''墻類'''
class Wall(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
  def __init__(self, imagepath, coordinate, blocksize, **kwargs):
    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
    self.image = pygame.image.load(imagepath)
    self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (blocksize, blocksize))
    self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
    self.rect.left, self.rect.top = coordinate[0] * blocksize, coordinate[1] * blocksize
    self.coordinate = coordinate
    self.blocksize = blocksize
  '''畫到屏幕上'''
  def draw(self, screen):
    screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
    return True


'''背景類'''
class Background(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
  def __init__(self, imagepath, coordinate, blocksize, **kwargs):
    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
    self.image = pygame.image.load(imagepath)
    self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (blocksize, blocksize))
    self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
    self.rect.left, self.rect.top = coordinate[0] * blocksize, coordinate[1] * blocksize
    self.coordinate = coordinate
    self.blocksize = blocksize
  '''畫到屏幕上'''
  def draw(self, screen):
    screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
    return True

水果類定義其實也差不多，但是不同的水果可以幫助角色恢復(fù)不同數(shù)值的生命值：

'''水果類'''
class Fruit(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
  def __init__(self, imagepath, coordinate, blocksize, **kwargs):
    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
    self.kind = imagepath.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0]
    if self.kind == 'banana':
      self.value = 5
    elif self.kind == 'cherry':
      self.value = 10
    else:
      raise ValueError('Unknow fruit <%s>...' % self.kind)
    self.image = pygame.image.load(imagepath)
    self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (blocksize, blocksize))
    self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
    self.rect.left, self.rect.top = coordinate[0] * blocksize, coordinate[1] * blocksize
    self.coordinate = coordinate
    self.blocksize = blocksize
  '''畫到屏幕上'''
  def draw(self, screen):
    screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
    return True

炸彈類和角色類的定義就稍稍復(fù)雜一些了。角色類需要根據(jù)玩家或者電腦的指示上下左右移動，同時可以在自己的位置上產(chǎn)生炸彈以及吃水果之后恢復(fù)一定數(shù)值的生命值：

'''角色類'''
class Hero(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
  def __init__(self, imagepaths, coordinate, blocksize, map_parser, **kwargs):
    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
    self.imagepaths = imagepaths
    self.image = pygame.image.load(imagepaths[-1])
    self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (blocksize, blocksize))
    self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
    self.rect.left, self.rect.top = coordinate[0] * blocksize, coordinate[1] * blocksize
    self.coordinate = coordinate
    self.blocksize = blocksize
    self.map_parser = map_parser
    self.hero_name = kwargs.get('hero_name')
    # 生命值
    self.health_value = 50
    # 炸彈冷卻時間
    self.bomb_cooling_time = 5000
    self.bomb_cooling_count = 0
    # 隨機移動冷卻時間(僅AI電腦用)
    self.randommove_cooling_time = 100
    self.randommove_cooling_count = 0
  '''角色移動'''
  def move(self, direction):
    self.__updateImage(direction)
    if direction == 'left':
      if self.coordinate[0]-1 < 0 or self.map_parser.getElemByCoordinate([self.coordinate[0]-1, self.coordinate[1]]) in ['w', 'x', 'z']:
        return False
      self.coordinate[0] = self.coordinate[0] - 1
    elif direction == 'right':
      if self.coordinate[0]+1 >= self.map_parser.width or self.map_parser.getElemByCoordinate([self.coordinate[0]+1, self.coordinate[1]]) in ['w', 'x', 'z']:
        return False
      self.coordinate[0] = self.coordinate[0] + 1
    elif direction == 'up':
      if self.coordinate[1]-1 < 0 or self.map_parser.getElemByCoordinate([self.coordinate[0], self.coordinate[1]-1]) in ['w', 'x', 'z']:
        return False
      self.coordinate[1] = self.coordinate[1] - 1
    elif direction == 'down':
      if self.coordinate[1]+1 >= self.map_parser.height or self.map_parser.getElemByCoordinate([self.coordinate[0], self.coordinate[1]+1]) in ['w', 'x', 'z']:
        return False
      self.coordinate[1] = self.coordinate[1] + 1
    else:
      raise ValueError('Unknow direction <%s>...' % direction)
    self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.coordinate[0] * self.blocksize, self.coordinate[1] * self.blocksize
    return True
  '''隨機行動(AI電腦用)'''
  def randomAction(self, dt):
    # 冷卻倒計時
    if self.randommove_cooling_count > 0:
      self.randommove_cooling_count -= dt
    action = random.choice(['left', 'left', 'right', 'right', 'up', 'up', 'down', 'down', 'dropbomb'])
    flag = False
    if action in ['left', 'right', 'up', 'down']:
      if self.randommove_cooling_count <= 0:
        flag = True
        self.move(action)
        self.randommove_cooling_count = self.randommove_cooling_time
    elif action in ['dropbomb']:
      if self.bomb_cooling_count <= 0:
        flag = True
        self.bomb_cooling_count = self.bomb_cooling_time
    return action, flag
  '''生成炸彈'''
  def generateBomb(self, imagepath, digitalcolor, explode_imagepath):
    return Bomb(imagepath=imagepath, coordinate=copy.deepcopy(self.coordinate), blocksize=self.blocksize, digitalcolor=digitalcolor, explode_imagepath=explode_imagepath)
  '''畫到屏幕上'''
  def draw(self, screen, dt):
    # 冷卻倒計時
    if self.bomb_cooling_count > 0:
      self.bomb_cooling_count -= dt
    screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
    return True
  '''吃水果'''
  def eatFruit(self, fruit_sprite_group):
    eaten_fruit = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, fruit_sprite_group, True, None)
    for fruit in eaten_fruit:
      self.health_value += fruit.value
  '''更新角色朝向'''
  def __updateImage(self, direction):
    directions = ['left', 'right', 'up', 'down']
    idx = directions.index(direction)
    self.image = pygame.image.load(self.imagepaths[idx])
    self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (self.blocksize, self.blocksize))

炸彈類則需要有倒計時提示功能，以及倒計時結(jié)束之后在炸彈殺傷范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生火焰特效(窮，估計只值1毛錢的特效T_T，大家多擔待)：

'''炸彈類'''
class Bomb(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
  def __init__(self, imagepath, coordinate, blocksize, digitalcolor, explode_imagepath, **kwargs):
    pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
    self.image = pygame.image.load(imagepath)
    self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (blocksize, blocksize))
    self.explode_imagepath = explode_imagepath
    self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
    # 像素位置
    self.rect.left, self.rect.top = coordinate[0] * blocksize, coordinate[1] * blocksize
    # 坐標(元素塊為單位長度)
    self.coordinate = coordinate
    self.blocksize = blocksize
    # 爆炸倒計時
    self.explode_millisecond = 6000 * 1 - 1
    self.explode_second = int(self.explode_millisecond / 1000)
    self.start_explode = False
    # 爆炸持續(xù)時間
    self.exploding_count = 1000 * 1
    # 炸彈傷害能力
    self.harm_value = 1
    # 該炸彈是否還存在
    self.is_being = True
    self.font = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 20)
    self.digitalcolor = digitalcolor
  '''畫到屏幕上'''
  def draw(self, screen, dt, map_parser):
    if not self.start_explode:
      # 爆炸倒計時
      self.explode_millisecond -= dt
      self.explode_second = int(self.explode_millisecond / 1000)
      if self.explode_millisecond < 0:
        self.start_explode = True
      screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
      text = self.font.render(str(self.explode_second), True, self.digitalcolor)
      rect = text.get_rect(center=(self.rect.centerx-5, self.rect.centery+5))
      screen.blit(text, rect)
      return False
    else:
      # 爆炸持續(xù)倒計時
      self.exploding_count -= dt
      if self.exploding_count > 0:
        return self.__explode(screen, map_parser)
      else:
        self.is_being = False
        return False
  '''爆炸效果'''
  def __explode(self, screen, map_parser):
    explode_area = self.__calcExplodeArea(map_parser.instances_list)
    for each in explode_area:
      image = pygame.image.load(self.explode_imagepath)
      image = pygame.transform.scale(image, (self.blocksize, self.blocksize))
      rect = image.get_rect()
      rect.left, rect.top = each[0] * self.blocksize, each[1] * self.blocksize
      screen.blit(image, rect)
    return explode_area
  '''計算爆炸區(qū)域'''
  def __calcExplodeArea(self, instances_list):
    explode_area = []
    # 區(qū)域計算規(guī)則為墻可以阻止爆炸擴散, 且爆炸范圍僅在游戲地圖范圍內(nèi)
    for ymin in range(self.coordinate[1], self.coordinate[1]-5, -1):
      if ymin < 0 or instances_list[ymin][self.coordinate[0]] in ['w', 'x', 'z']:
        break
      explode_area.append([self.coordinate[0], ymin])
    for ymax in range(self.coordinate[1]+1, self.coordinate[1]+5):
      if ymax >= len(instances_list) or instances_list[ymax][self.coordinate[0]] in ['w', 'x', 'z']:
        break
      explode_area.append([self.coordinate[0], ymax])
    for xmin in range(self.coordinate[0], self.coordinate[0]-5, -1):
      if xmin < 0 or instances_list[self.coordinate[1]][xmin] in ['w', 'x', 'z']:
        break
      explode_area.append([xmin, self.coordinate[1]])
    for xmax in range(self.coordinate[0]+1, self.coordinate[0]+5):
      if xmax >= len(instances_list[0]) or instances_list[self.coordinate[1]][xmax] in ['w', 'x', 'z']:
        break
      explode_area.append([xmax, self.coordinate[1]])
    return explode_area

因為炸彈類和角色類每幀都要綁定到游戲屏幕上，所以一些倒計時操作就合并地寫到draw函數(shù)里了，當然最好是重新寫一個函數(shù)來實現(xiàn)該功能，那樣代碼結(jié)構(gòu)看起來會更清晰一些。

接下來，我們在.map文件中設(shè)計我們的游戲地圖：

然后通過一個地圖解析類來解析.map文件，這樣每次切換關(guān)卡時只需要重新導(dǎo)入一個新的.map文件就行了，同時這樣也方便游戲后續(xù)進行擴展：

'''.map文件解析器'''
class mapParser():
  def __init__(self, mapfilepath, bg_paths, wall_paths, blocksize, **kwargs):
    self.instances_list = self.__parse(mapfilepath)
    self.bg_paths = bg_paths
    self.wall_paths = wall_paths
    self.blocksize = blocksize
    self.height = len(self.instances_list)
    self.width = len(self.instances_list[0])
    self.screen_size = (blocksize * self.width, blocksize * self.height)
  '''地圖畫到屏幕上'''
  def draw(self, screen):
    for j in range(self.height):
      for i in range(self.width):
        instance = self.instances_list[j][i]
        if instance == 'w':
          elem = Wall(self.wall_paths[0], [i, j], self.blocksize)
        elif instance == 'x':
          elem = Wall(self.wall_paths[1], [i, j], self.blocksize)
        elif instance == 'z':
          elem = Wall(self.wall_paths[2], [i, j], self.blocksize)
        elif instance == '0':
          elem = Background(self.bg_paths[0], [i, j], self.blocksize)
        elif instance == '1':
          elem = Background(self.bg_paths[1], [i, j], self.blocksize)
        elif instance == '2':
          elem = Background(self.bg_paths[2], [i, j], self.blocksize)
        else:
          raise ValueError('instance parse error in mapParser.draw...')
        elem.draw(screen)
  '''隨機獲取一個空地'''
  def randomGetSpace(self, used_spaces=None):
    while True:
      i = random.randint(0, self.width-1)
      j = random.randint(0, self.height-1)
      coordinate = [i, j]
      if used_spaces and coordinate in used_spaces:
        continue
      instance = self.instances_list[j][i]
      if instance in ['0', '1', '2']:
        break
    return coordinate
  '''根據(jù)坐標獲取元素類型'''
  def getElemByCoordinate(self, coordinate):
    return self.instances_list[coordinate[1]][coordinate[0]]
  '''解析.map文件'''
  def __parse(self, mapfilepath):
    instances_list = []
    with open(mapfilepath) as f:
      for line in f.readlines():
        instances_line_list = []
        for c in line:
          if c in ['w', 'x', 'z', '0', '1', '2']:
            instances_line_list.append(c)
        instances_list.append(instances_line_list)
    return instances_list

OK，做完這些準備工作，就可以開始寫游戲主循環(huán)啦：?

'''游戲主程序'''
def main(cfg):
  # 初始化
  pygame.init()
  pygame.mixer.init()
  pygame.mixer.music.load(cfg.BGMPATH)
  pygame.mixer.music.play(-1, 0.0)
  screen = pygame.display.set_mode(cfg.SCREENSIZE)
  pygame.display.set_caption('Bomber Man - ???: apython68')
  # 開始界面
  Interface(screen, cfg, mode='game_start')
  # 游戲主循環(huán)
  font = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 15)
  for gamemap_path in cfg.GAMEMAPPATHS:
    # -地圖
    map_parser = mapParser(gamemap_path, bg_paths=cfg.BACKGROUNDPATHS, wall_paths=cfg.WALLPATHS, blocksize=cfg.BLOCKSIZE)
    # -水果
    fruit_sprite_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
    used_spaces = []
    for i in range(5):
      coordinate = map_parser.randomGetSpace(used_spaces)
      used_spaces.append(coordinate)
      fruit_sprite_group.add(Fruit(random.choice(cfg.FRUITPATHS), coordinate=coordinate, blocksize=cfg.BLOCKSIZE))
    # -我方Hero
    coordinate = map_parser.randomGetSpace(used_spaces)
    used_spaces.append(coordinate)
    ourhero = Hero(imagepaths=cfg.HEROZELDAPATHS, coordinate=coordinate, blocksize=cfg.BLOCKSIZE, map_parser=map_parser, hero_name='ZELDA')
    # -電腦Hero
    aihero_sprite_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
    coordinate = map_parser.randomGetSpace(used_spaces)
    aihero_sprite_group.add(Hero(imagepaths=cfg.HEROBATMANPATHS, coordinate=coordinate, blocksize=cfg.BLOCKSIZE, map_parser=map_parser, hero_name='BATMAN'))
    used_spaces.append(coordinate)
    coordinate = map_parser.randomGetSpace(used_spaces)
    aihero_sprite_group.add(Hero(imagepaths=cfg.HERODKPATHS, coordinate=coordinate, blocksize=cfg.BLOCKSIZE, map_parser=map_parser, hero_name='DK'))
    used_spaces.append(coordinate)
    # -炸彈bomb
    bomb_sprite_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
    # -用于判斷游戲勝利或者失敗的flag
    is_win_flag = False
    # -主循環(huán)
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(map_parser.screen_size)
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    while True:
      dt = clock.tick(cfg.FPS)
      for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
          pygame.quit()
          sys.exit(-1)
        # --↑↓←→鍵控制上下左右, 空格鍵丟炸彈
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
          if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
            ourhero.move('up')
          elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
            ourhero.move('down')
          elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
            ourhero.move('left')
          elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
            ourhero.move('right')
          elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
            if ourhero.bomb_cooling_count <= 0:
              bomb_sprite_group.add(ourhero.generateBomb(imagepath=cfg.BOMBPATH, digitalcolor=cfg.YELLOW, explode_imagepath=cfg.FIREPATH))
      screen.fill(cfg.WHITE)
      # --電腦Hero隨機行動
      for hero in aihero_sprite_group:
        action, flag = hero.randomAction(dt)
        if flag and action == 'dropbomb':
          bomb_sprite_group.add(hero.generateBomb(imagepath=cfg.BOMBPATH, digitalcolor=cfg.YELLOW, explode_imagepath=cfg.FIREPATH))
      # --吃到水果加生命值(只要是Hero, 都能加)
      ourhero.eatFruit(fruit_sprite_group)
      for hero in aihero_sprite_group:
        hero.eatFruit(fruit_sprite_group)
      # --游戲元素都綁定到屏幕上
      map_parser.draw(screen)
      for bomb in bomb_sprite_group:
        if not bomb.is_being:
          bomb_sprite_group.remove(bomb)
        explode_area = bomb.draw(screen, dt, map_parser)
        if explode_area:
          # --爆炸火焰范圍內(nèi)的Hero生命值將持續(xù)下降
          if ourhero.coordinate in explode_area:
            ourhero.health_value -= bomb.harm_value
          for hero in aihero_sprite_group:
            if hero.coordinate in explode_area:
              hero.health_value -= bomb.harm_value
      fruit_sprite_group.draw(screen)
      for hero in aihero_sprite_group:
        hero.draw(screen, dt)
      ourhero.draw(screen, dt)
      # --左上角顯示生命值
      pos_x = showText(screen, font, text=ourhero.hero_name+'(our):'+str(ourhero.health_value), color=cfg.YELLOW, position=[5, 5])
      for hero in aihero_sprite_group:
        pos_x, pos_y = pos_x+15, 5
        pos_x = showText(screen, font, text=hero.hero_name+'(ai):'+str(hero.health_value), color=cfg.YELLOW, position=[pos_x, pos_y])
      # --我方玩家生命值小于等于0/電腦方玩家生命值均小于等于0則判斷游戲結(jié)束
      if ourhero.health_value <= 0:
        is_win_flag = False
        break
      for hero in aihero_sprite_group:
        if hero.health_value <= 0:
          aihero_sprite_group.remove(hero)
      if len(aihero_sprite_group) == 0:
        is_win_flag = True
        break
      pygame.display.update()
      clock.tick(cfg.FPS)
    if is_win_flag:
      Interface(screen, cfg, mode='game_switch')
    else:
      break
  Interface(screen, cfg, mode='game_end')

以上就是基于Python實現(xiàn)炸彈人小游戲的詳細內(nèi)容，更多關(guān)于Python炸彈人游戲的資料請關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章！

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