/**
   * Default initial capacity.
   **/
  private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
  /**
   * Shared empty array instance used for empty instances.
   **/
  private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
  /**
   * Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We
   * distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when
   * first element is added.
   **/
  private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
  /**
   * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
   * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
   * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
   * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
   **/
  transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access
  /**
   * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
   *
   * @serial
   **/
  private int size;

/**
   * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
   **/
  public ArrayList() {
    this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
  }
/**
   * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
   *
   * @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the list
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
   *     is negative
   **/
  public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
    if (initialCapacity > 0) {
      this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
    } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
      this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    } else {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                        initialCapacity);
    }
  }

/**
   * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
   *
   * @param e element to be appended to this list
   * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
   **/
  public boolean add(E e) {
    ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
    elementData[size++] = e;
    return true;
  }
 private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
    ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
  }
 private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) {
    if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
      return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
    }
    return minCapacity;
  }
 private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
    modCount++;
    // overflow-conscious code
    if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
      grow(minCapacity);
  }

    public E next() {
      checkForComodification();
      int i = cursor;
      if (i >= size)
        throw new NoSuchElementException();
      Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
      if (i >= elementData.length)
        throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
      cursor = i + 1;
      return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
    }
    final void checkForComodification() {
      if (modCount != expectedModCount)
        throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
    }

 public void remove() {
      if (lastRet < 0)
        throw new IllegalStateException();
      checkForComodification();
      try {
        ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
        cursor = lastRet;
        lastRet = -1;
        expectedModCount = modCount;
      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
        throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
      }
    }